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Price, 50 Cts. 



^m^^M^MMm^^mm^^m 




p^J^IiETS'' 




(llluslrated, 



The Most Complete and Comprehensive 
Instruction Book ever issued. 



PUBLISHED BY 
RICHMOND, IND. 




M. CULLATON & CO., Printers, Richmond, Ind. 



Henley's 



MANUAL OF 



ROLLER SKATING 



CONTAINING 



OVER TWO HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS, 



WITH 



Complete Descriptions of all Movements Performed on 
Roller Skates. 

if 



Of' 

PUBLISHED BY 

M. C. HENLEY, 

RICHMOND, INDIANA. 



•H'f-i 



WASH 



RICHMOND; 

M. CULLATON & CO., PRINTERS AND BINDERS. 

1885. 



PREFACE. 



The amusements to which the people of a nation 
resort have such a potent influence upon the nation as 
a unit and the people as individuals, that we cannot 
afford to suffer evil amusements to exist or to neglect 
to foster good ones. Within the last few years roller 
skating has taken such a popular hold upon the people 
of this country that now there is a skating rink in every 
city and town, and even in villages of a few hundred 
inhabitants. All this is either a mighty influence for 
good or for bad. 

There are those who are overworked; there are 
those who do not work at all. Men there may be who 
die without having known one day of real pleasure in 
their lives, who, even in childhood, had to work un- 
ceasingly to support themselves and perhaps some 
dear mother, or brother, or sister, and who, after hav- 
ing worked their way up into business, have contracted, 
as it were, a chronic habit and abnormal desire for 
money. On the other hand, there are those who have 
never known one day of honest work, people who have 
been raised in luxury until, surfeited with amusements 



PREFACE, 



that are beneficial, they seek gaming houses and places 
of drink. The peaceful tramp, if there be such an one, 
who has no care for the morrow, and who enjoys the 
rising and the setting of the sun, the rainy as well as 
the sunlit day, the starry or moonlight nights, and 
sundry marks on gate posts which indicate *'good 
lunch," is to be envied rather than the millionaire who 
is so tied up in his business, literally a slave to it, that 
he never spends a day from it without fear of losing a 
fortune, and who cannot enjoy the evenings at home 
or in society because of ill health. Extreme overwork, 
we take it, is sinful as well as extreme indulgence of 
the desire for pleasure. Whatever tends to bring about 
the happy medium between these two extremes is cer- 
tainly to be fostered and cherished as an institution 
necessary to a correct and permanent civilization. 

We submit this book, therefore, with the feeling 
that it is not only an exponent of a fascinating art, but 
that it will be, in its way, one of the many influences 
for good. 



CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Preface 3 

CHAPTER I. 

A Brief History of Roller Skating 9 

CHAPTER II. 

G-eneral Remarks on Roller Skating 15 

Value of Health 15 

Exercise Necessary to Health 16 

Amusement Necessary to Health 17 

Skating as a Superior Exercise 17 

The Roller Skating Rink 20 

Moral View of the Skating Rink 20 

Skating Clubs 22 

CHAPTER III. 

Hygiene of the Rink : 24 

How to Catch Cold 24 

How to Cure a Cold 25 

Avoid Exhaustion .■ 25 

Avoid Tight Lacing 26 

Avoid Ice Water 27 

Position of the Body 28 

One-sidedness 28 

Rapidity Incompatible with Grace 30 

How to Practice 31 

Dress 31 

CHAPTER IV. 

The Elementary Principles 32 

The Roll 32 

The Compound Curve 33 

The Lap-Foot 33 

The Change of Heel and Toe 34 

The Pivot Foot 34 

The Reverse Foot 34 

The Extra Push 35 

The Polka-Step 35 

The Turn 35 

The Halt Foot 36 

The Split 36 

The Whirl •. 36 

CHAPTER V. 
The General Variations • 37-39 

CHAPTER VI. 

Plain Single, or Instrnctions to Beginners 40 

The Outside Roll 40 

The Inside Roll 42 

Lap-Foot Circle to the Left 43 

Lap-Foot Circle to the Right 43 



6 Henley's manual of roller skating. 



CHAPTER VII. Page. 

Fancy Single ; Oontinuons Two-Foot Field Movements 45 

Skulls. 45 

Serpentines 46 

Zigzags ^ 46 

Spread-Eagles , 47 . 

Guide Foot Rolls. . .'. 47 

Pivot Foot Rolls 48 

The Mercury 49 

Flying Turns 49 

Flying Whirls , 50 

Flying Turn Grapevines 51 

Flying Whirl Grapevines 52 

Oontinuons One-Foot Field Movements 52 

Serpentines 52 

Zigzags „ . 53 

Mercuries 53 

Flying Threes 53 

Locomotives .^ 54 

Grapevines .' 55 

Broken Two-Foot Field Movements - 55 

Plain Outside Roll, Backward 55 

Plain Inside Roll, Backward 56 

Change of Roll. 56 

Cross Rolls, Forward, Outside 57 

Cross Rolls, Forward, Inside 57 

Cross Rolls, Backward, Outside 57 

Cross Rolls, Backward, Inside 58 

Extra Push Rolls 58 

Polka Step Rolls 59 

Lock-Foot Rolls 59 

Halt-Foot Rolls 60 

Reverse-Foot Rolls 61 

Toe-Whirl Rolls 62 

Heel- Whirl Rolls 62 

Flying Threes 63 

Broken One-Foot Field Movements 63 

Changes of Roll 63 

Toe-Whirl Rolls 64 

Flying Threes 64 

Hop Rolls 64 

CHAPTER VIII. 

Fancy Single Figures — Oontinnons 5 

Circles - 65 

Eights 66 

Threes 66 

Fives 66 

Squares > 67 

Hexagons 67 

Splits 67 

Scissors 68 

Spins 69 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 7 ! 

CHAPTER IX. Page. 

Plain OombiiiatioE 71 

Fancy Combination 73 

Long Roll, Alternating Sides 74 

The March 75 

The Maypole 80 

The Masquerade. 80 

The Figure Eights 81 

The Combination Eights 83 

The Expert's Exhibition.. 85 

List of Movements • 86 

Plain Single 87 

Fancy Single 87 

One-Foot Continuous Field Movements 91 

Broken Two-Foot Field Movements 93 

Broken One-Foot Field Movements 97 

Fancy Single Figures 98 

Figures of Movements 103-127 

CHAPTER X. 

A Prominent Pastor's Opinion of Roller Skating 128 

An Eminent Physician's Opinion • 129 

What Bishop McTyeir says 130 

Roller Skating and Mental Health 131 

Rules and Regulations for RollerZSkating Rinks 132 

CHAPTER XL 

The Celebrated Henley Roller Skates - 135 

* Henley' s Illustrated Catalogue 138 

Henley' s Official Polo Guide 139 

The Henley Monarch Roller Skate ....'. 140 

The Improved Henley Challenge Roller Skate 142 

Henley's Polo and Racing Skate 144 

Henley Polo Goods 146 

Reasons Why the Henley Roller Skates are the Best 150 

Endorsement of Prof. Fletcher 151 

■ How to Order Goods 152 

The Seven Ages of the Roller Skater 153 

The Henley Monarch Fence Machine 154 

A Boy's Composition on Rinks 159 

Military Works by Lieut. H, T. Reed 160 



8 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 




HENLEY'S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING, 



CHAPTER I. 



A BRIEF HISTORY OF SKATING. 

THOUGH it appears to be impossible to fix on the 
time when skating first took root, there can be no 
doubt that it was introduced from more northern 
climates, where it originated more from the necessities 
of the inhabitants than as a pastime. When snow 
covered their land, and ice bound up their rivers, im- 
perious necessity would soon suggest to the Scands or 
the Germans some ready means of winter locomotion. 
This first took the form of snow-shoes, with two long 
runners of wood, like those still used by the inhabitants 
of the northerly parts of Norway and Sweden in their 
journeys over the immense snow fields. These seem 
originally to have been used by the Finns, ''for which 
reason," says a Swedish writer, "they were called 
* Skrid Finnai,' (Sliding Finns,) a common name for 
the most ancient inhabitants of Sweden, both in the 
north Saga and by foreign authors. When used on ice, 
one runner would soon have been found more con- 
venient than the widely separated two, and harder 
materials used than wood ; first bone was substituted ; 
then it, in turn, gave place to iron; and thus the 



10 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

present form of skate was developed in the North at a 
period set down by Scandinavian archaeologists as about 
A. D. 200." 

Frequent allusions occur in the old Northern poetry, 
which prove that proficiency in skating was one of the 
most highly esteemed accomplishments of the Northern 
heroes. One of them, named Kolson, boasts that he is 
master of nine accomplishments, skating being one ; 
while the hero, Harold, bitterly complains that though 
he could fight, ride, swim, glide along the ice on skates, 
dart the lance, and row, ''yet a Eussian maid dis- 
dains me." 

In the " Edda " this accomplishment is singled out 
for special praise : " Then the king asked what that 
young man could do who accompanied Thor. Thialfe 
answered that in running upon skates he would dis- 
pute the prize with any of the courtiers. The king owned 
that the talent he spoke of was a very fine one." 

Olaus Magnus, the author of the famous chapter in 
the Snakes of Iceland, tells us that skates were made 
" of polished iron, or of the shank-bone of a deer or 
sheep, about a foot long, filed down on one side, and 
greased with hog's lard to repel the wet. " These rough- 
and-ready bone skates were the kind first adopted- by 
the English; for Fitzstephen, in his description of 
amusements of the Londoners in his day, (time of 
Henry 11.,) tells us that "when that great fen that 
washes Moorfields at the north wall of the city is frozen 
over, great companies of young men go to sport upon 
the ice. Some, striding as wide as they may, do slide 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 11 

swiftly ; some, better practiced to the ice, bind to their 
shoes bones, as the legs of some beasts, and hold 
stakes in their hands, headed with sharp iron, which 
sometimes they strike against the ice ; these men go 
swiftly as doth a bird in the air, or a bolt from a cross- 
bow." Then he goes on to say that some, imitating the 
fashion of the tournament, would start in full career 
against one another, armed with poles; ''they meet, 
elevate their poles, attack, and strike each other, when 
one or both of them fall, and not without some bodily 
hurt." 

Specimens of these old bone skates are occasionally 
dug up in fenny parts of Great Britain. There are 
some in the British Museum, in the Museum of the 
Scottish Antiquaries, and probably in other collections ; 
though, perhaps, some of the ''finds" are not nearly ' 
as old as Fitzstephen's day, for there seems to be good 
evidence that even in London the primitive bone skate 
was not entirely superseded by implements of steel at 
the latter part of last century. 

One found about 1839 in Moorfields, in the boggy 
soil peculiar to that district, is described as being 
formed of the bone of some animal, made smooth on 
one side, with a hole at one extremity for a cord to 
fasten it to the shoe. At the other end a hole is also 
drilled horizontally to a depth of three inches, which 
might have received a plug, with another cord to secure 
it more effectually. 

There is hardly a greater difference between these 
old bone skates and the "acmes " and club skates of 



V2 Henley's manual of roller skating. 



to-day, than there is between the skating of middle 
ages and the artistic and graceful movements of good 
performers of to-day. Indeed, skating as a fine art is 
entirely a thing of modern growth. Messrs. Vanderwell 
and Witham, authors of '' A System of Figure Skating," 
*' af&rm from long experience and very close observa- 
tion that, in spite of mild winters, the art has gone on 
improving up to the present time." This has often 
been denied, and many are the wonderful feats of re- 
nowned skaters of the past cited in support of this de- 
nial. \Benjamin West, the President of the Academy, 
it is said, could trace with his skates on the ice the out- 
lines of any statue that might be named. The Chevalier 
De St. George could sign his name upon the ice with 
the blade of his skate ; while Strutt speaks of skaters 
*' readily describing upon the ice the form of all the 
letters in the alphabet." 

'' Who has not heard," says Mr. Vanderwell, *' from 
many old skaters of a generation that is fast fading 
away how some famous skater of their day cut his 
name, and who has not brought down their ire if the 
possibility of the feat was doubted ? * * * It is 
most strange, but no less strange than true, that this 
feat, (except by standing on one foot and scraping the 
ice into resemblance of letters with the other,) is an 
impossibility either in ancient or modern skating." 

The writer's observation would confirm the above, 
for of all the many expert ice skaters personally known, 
none have ever claimed the ability to perform the feat 
mentioned, and a careful reading of the movements of 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 13 



a Haines, or a Curtis, fail to show such as a hsted 
movement. As ''distance lends enchantment," so 
time enhances the '* it may be " wonderful skating of a 
past into a phenomenal performance, but like a mirage, 
'tis ever in the distance. 

Much controversy still leaves unsettled the date of 
the first skate with wheels. Some go so far as to claim 
their use by the Eomans during ''Carnival Week." 
Others have it that their first use was in the presenta- 
tion of one of Tom Hood's plays, in the year 1743, at 
the old Drury Lane Theater, London. Roller skates 
were also used at the Grand Opera House, Paris, dur- 
ring the first representation of one of Meyerbeer's 
earlier operas. 

It is safe to say that a skate with wheels w^as first 
used in this country by the "Ravels," a French family 
of acrobats, who made a tour of the larger cities some 
forty years ago. No greater difference can exist be- 
tween the bone skate of Fitzstephen's time and the pres- 
ent steel skate than there does betw^een the skate used 
by the Eavels and the present skate with wheels. Nor 
can the writer imagine a greater difference between 
the slide of the "Finn" and the graceful movements of 
the present ice skater, than there is between the ease and 
grace of our present roller skater and the skating of the 
Ravels. The construction of the skate (if such it can 
be called) of their day, necessarily prohibiting the ar- 
tistic curve and grace so easily acquired on the skate 
now in common use, and their work was entirely of a 
muscular and acrobatic character. 



14 Henley's manual of boller skating. 

EoUer skatinpf, as a line art, is of very modern 
growth. For, as like those who give to ancient Egypt 
and Greece a higher civihzation than that we now enjoy, 
so many in the art of skating accredit to the past a high- 
er proficiency than that of the present, it being the 
habit of some to appreciate that which they have nev- 
er seen more than that which they see. Being infatu- 
ated with the legends of the past, they are blind to 
the merit of the present, and the writer believes he voices 
the views of many who, though not unappreciative of the 
good performances of the skater of to-day,- yet believe 
that the roller skater has not reached the ''acme" of 
his art, and that the skater of the coming generation 
need not fail of hope to surpass in artistic skill the 
skater of the past or present. 




CHAPTER II. 



GENEEAL EEMAEKS ON EOLLEE SKATING, 



VALUE OF HEALTH. 

Health is one of the foundation pillars of happiness. 
It is an essential preliminary to the best success in 
profession, business, or society. Few people realize 
the importance of it until reminded by lack of it, and 
still fewer have any idea that exercise properly taken 
is often the only means of securing and preserving it ; 
while on the other hand patent medicine manufacturers 
9,re amassing fortunes. 

J. Dorman Steele, M.D., in his valuable work on 
Physiology and Hygiene, says: '^The bodj is the in- 
strument which the mind uses. If it be dulled or 
nicked, the effect of the best labor will be impaired. 
The grandest gifts of mind or fortune are compara- 
tively valueless unless there be a healthy body to use 
and enjoy them. The tramp, sturdy and brave with 
his outdoor life, is really happier than the rich man in 
his palace with the gout to twinge him amid his pleas- 
ures. The day has gone by when delicacy was consid- 
ered necessarily an element of beauty. Weakness is 
timid and irresolute ; strength is full of force and 
energy." 

Physical health is necessary to mental health, and 
vice versa. The mental health cannot be impaired 



16 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

without impairing the physical. Physical health is 
valuable to the brain worker. Mental health is valu- 
able to the manual worker. 

Health is positively essential to the highest degree 
of beauty to which a person is capable of attaining. 
Health insures a clear, rich complexion, bright eyes, 
and an active mind with which to entertain and be 
entertained. 

EXERCISE NECESSARY TO HEALTH. 

Even the slight exercise of dressing, eating, and 
walking keeps those of sedentary habits in as good 
health as they are ; for if a person should take to his 
bed for six or eight weeks, although there be no sick- 
ness, he would be so enfeebled that, at the end of that 
time, he could scarcely walk. 

J. C. Dalton, M. D., in his work on Physiology and 
Hygiene, says : ''It is very important that the muscles 
should be trained and exercised by sufficient daily use. 
Too much confinement by sedentary occupations, in 
study, or by simple indulgence in indolent habits, will 
certainly impair the strength of the body and injuri- 
ously affect the health ; and this exercise cannot be 
neglected with impunity any more than the due pro- 
vision of clothing and food." J. D. Steele, in his work 
above referred to, also says: ''No education is com- 
plete which fails to provide for the development of the 
muscles. Were gymnastics or calisthenics as regular 
an exercise as grammar or arithmetic, fewer pupils 
would be compelled to leave school on account of ill 
health ; while weak bedies and ungraceful gaits would 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 17 

no longer characterize so many of our best institu- 
tions." And again the same author says : ''The blood 
contains the materials for the making of every organ. 
Where there is work to be done ox repairs to be made, 
there oxygen is needed. Exercise actually burns out 
parts of the muscles and other tissues as wood is 
burned in a stove ; and the blood when foul with the 
refuse of this fire, is whirled back to the lungs where 
it is purified, giving off the poisons gathered up in its 
circulation and absorbing the oxygen of the air." 
Where exercise tears down, nature always endeavors 
to build anew with better and more material in order 
to make the part, whether muscle, brain, or bone, 
stronger and more fitted for doing its peculiar work. 

AMUSEMENT NECESSARY TO HEALTH. 

The desire for amusement is as natural as the de- 
sire for food, and must be indulged as well. It is 
necessary that we relax our minds and bodies at vari- 
ous intervals and take recreation of some kind. Mirth 
is a nerve tonic. Dalton, above referred to, says : ''The 
digestion of the food is much influenced by the condi- 
tion of the nervous system. Every one is aware how 
readily any anxiety, anger, or vexation will take away 
the appetite and interfere with digestion." Is it not of 
primary importance that our food be digested well ? 

SKATING AS A SUPERIOR EXERCISE. 

The reader may have asked why we dwell so earn- 
estly upon health and exercise in a roller skating 
manual. It is because roller skating very greatly bene- 



18 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

fits or injures the health, according to its proper or 
careless indulgence. It can be made a splendid bless- 
ing, but like all other amusements it may be made the 
means of much harm. But comparing skating on even 
terms with other amusements, we are of the opinion 
that it is superior to all of them, roller skating especi- 
ally. It gives to every muscle in the body more or less 
activity. There is no extraordinary strain upon any 
one muscle, but a pleasurable tension of every muscle. 
The blood does not flow to one particular part to 
strengthen it, but to every portion, strengthening the 
whole body. Of course this kind of exercise may be in- 
dulged in to exhaustion just as well as dancing. As to 
the proper amount of skating at one time we give in- 
structions elsewhere. The mind is most thoroughly 
taken away from every thought of the business world, 
and for the while, at least, is free from care. The mind 
is taken up with the rink, the skating movements, the 
skaters, and perhaps some interesting partner. When 
the skater becomes at home on the skates, he can exe- 
cute movements so airy and graceful that he feels 
almost as. if he could fly. In fact the motions are 
nearer to those of a bird in flight than anything else 
performed by man. 

Salzman, in his valuable work on exercise, says, in 
reference to skating : ''I am come to an exercise super- 
ior to everything that can be classed under the head of 
motion. I know of nothing in gymnastics that displays 
equal elegance as skating. It excites such pleasure in 
the mind of the performer that I should recommend it 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 19 

as the most efficacious remedy to the misanthrope and 
hypochondriac." 

Campe, writing in reference to the same subject, 
says : *' I know not of a more pleasant or beneficial ex- 
ercise, and every child, boy or girl, ought to learn it." 
And he might have added with equal truth, ''every 
man or woman." 

Dalton says: ''A special increase of strength may 
be produced to a very great extent by the constant 
practice or training of particular muscles ; but the best 
condition is that in which all the different organs and 
systems of the body have their full and complete devel- 
opment, no one of them preponderating excessively 
over the others." 

Another authority says : '' Skating sends the blood 
to the surface of the body in healthy circulation, and 
by rousing the dormant functions of the skin, relieves 
the overworked internal organs and gives new life and 
vigor to the general system. This naturally affects the 
mental powers beneficially, and with restored health 
the ill nature incident to a disordered body, and the 
bad feelings engendered by a neglected physique, dis- 
appear to be superseded by the natural feelings of a 
healthy person. If you wish to realize the truth of 
this, visit some of the large skating rinks, and watch 
the pleasant smile of the rosy-cheeked girl on skates, 
and listen to the gay laugh of beginners as well as ex- 
perts, and contrast these effects with the serious man- 
ner and pale countenance of the over-housed girl and 
the languid movements of the office-confined clerk, and 



20 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

you will then see what a gain it is to indulge in such 
healthy recreative amusement." 

Skating induces a graceful carriage ; expands the 
chest ; teaches self-reliance. In the effort to avoid col- 
lision, it trains the mind and eye to quick action. 

THE ROLLER SKATING RINK. 

If the foregoing be true of ice skating, how much 
more ought it to be emphasized in regard to roller 
skating. Most all of the rinks of to-day have all the 
modern conveniences. It is only necessary to think of 
the ice skating years ago, of the frozen fingers, cold 
toes, no resting without catching cold, the long walk to 
and from the lake, pond, or river, treacherous air-holes, 
dangerous snags, etc. 

Compare this with the roller rink of the present, 
with its electric lights, music, and many conveniences. 
Be it in the land of ice-locked lake or river, or under 
the genial Southern sun, where rivers and brooks run 
on through all seasons without knowing the winter's 
cold, we now skate free from the attendant discomforts 
and oftentime fatal exposure of the old-time skating 
above mentioned. 

MORAL VIEW OF THE SKATING RINK. 

In many of the amusements of to-day there is too 
much of an element of chance and a strong desire to 
win. People who really know better, do sometimes 
quarrel over a game of cards, croquet, lawn tennis, 
dominoes, or some other game, while about the only 
element of chance there is in skating as indulged by 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 21 

the general public is the chance of falling, and very 
often quite enough of this element to make it interest- 
ing. As for disputes, there are no occasions for them. 
Bishop McTyeir, in a letter to the Christian Advo- 
cate, writes : '* Allow me to commend to you and your 
readers roller skating. It can and should substitute 
dancing as an exercise and amusement for the young 
people of both sexes. It furnishes indoor, lively, grace- 
ful exercise, both muscular and nervous excitement, 
and leaves no excuse for dancing. I wish there was a 
skating rink in every village and boarding school." 
Since the writing of this letter, his wish has been near- 
ly if not quite fully realized ; and not only the young 
people, but the older ones, fathers and mothers, are 
learning and enjoying the splendid privileges to which 
the invention of the roller skate has brought us. We 
quote again from the Ladies' Boudoir: "As a fash- 
ionable exercise for ladies, there is nothing so well 
adapted to the development and display of a fine fig- 
ure as roller skating ; and in no way can a lady pre- 
sent equal elegance and grace as when circling about 
on skates. The accomplishment is becoming a very 
important part of every young lady's education." A 
learned and noted divine of Louisville writes : ** EoU- 
er skating is just the thing wanted by our young peo- 
ple, especially the girls. It affords just the sort of 
exercise they require for their physical development — 
gentle but active, and so attractive that they cannot re- 
sist it. It is my deliberate opinion that no conception 
has entered the mind of mortal in this century so im- 



22 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

portant to the health of our girls in our cities, as this 
skating indoors,'' 

The rinks have come to stay. They have been built 
or are being built in every town of a few hundred in- 
habitants ; and the thousands of traveling men, sales- 
men and business men, men traveling for pleasure, 
now know where to go in a strange city without going 
to a saloon or billiard hall in order to pass away an 
hour or two. There are instances known where the 
rinks have injured the saloon business so that the sa- 
loon keepers want the rinks taxed. What does this in- 
dicate ? This is not a temperance work, but when it 
comes to comparing the good which twenty-five cents 
worth of liquor does with the good which twenty-five 
cents worth of skating does, we are emphatically in 
favor of the skating rink. The rinks are a vast and 
potent influence, and are taking an important part in 
our moral economies. They are more powerful for 
good than statute books or lectures — we had almost 
said sermons. They persuade but do not coerce. The 
invention of the roller skate is more of a blessing to 
mankind than the invention of the telegraph, for the 
former brings health and happiness directly and indi- 
rectly, while the telegraph can only aid us indirectly. 

SKATING CLUBS. 

We would recommend the organization of skating 
clubs wherever feasible. They would be especially use- 
ful in the advancement of combination skating, such 
as marches, may-poles, combination eighths, etc. If 
properly conducted, they tend more to the advance- 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 23 

ment of the art than any other means which can be 
adopted. The spirit of emulation is ever present, and 
is quite an inducement to improvement. By observa- 
tion we learn more rapidly than by any other mode. 
We may be able to learn from others movements we 
do not yet know, and we may be able to teach them in 
return movements which they have not yet learned. 
In many of our smaller towns a large club might rent 
the rink one night in every week with but small .pro- 
portional expense. Instructors, floor managers, lead- 
ers of the march might be elected every month, as well 
as officers that are common to all societies. We hope 
for the success of all skating clubs. 




CHAPTER III. 



HYGIENE OF THE EINK, 



HOW TO CATCH COLD. 

It must be remembered that when exercising the 
body requires very light clothing, and the same is es- 
pecially true of skating. If heavy clothing be worn, 
the body becomes uncomfortably warm in a short time, 
and an open window or cool draught is quite a temp- 
tation ; but if the clothing be light an additional gar- 
ment can be thrown around the shoulders when rest- 
ing without any discomfort. Flannel is excellent worn 
next the skin, as it absorbs the perspiration better than 
any other material, and those who frequent the rink 
should positively wear it so. 

Steele says, in regard to the subject of colds : '' The 
skin is chilled and the perspiration is checked. The 
blood, no longer cleansed and reduced in volume by the 
drainage through the pores, sets to the lungs for puri- 
fication. That organ is oppressed, breathing becomes 
difficult, and the extra secretion by the irritated surface 
of the mucous membrane is thrown off by coughing. 
The mucous membrane of the nasal chamber sympa- 
thizes with the difficulty, and we have a ' cold in the 
head.' In general the excess of blood is very great 
when the pores of the skin are suddenly closed, and 
goes to the weakest point, developing in some people 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 25 

pleurisy, in others pneumonia, in others quick con- 
sumption, etc. Where one person has been killed in 

BATTLE, THOUSANDS HAVE DIED OF COLDS." 
HOW TO CURE A COLD. 

The same author further says: ''The excess of 
blood goes to the weak points and there produces con- 
gestion. To withdraw the blood from the congested 
part and free the blood from the poisons it ought to 
have given off in the form of perspiration, should be 
the object of all treatment. Medicines will not do it. 
Hot foot baths have saved multitudes of lives. It is 
well in case of a sudden cold to go immediately to bed, 
and with hot drinks and extra clothing, open the pores, 
induce free perspiration, and bring the blood from the 
congested portion to the surface of the body. The 
rule for the prevention and cure of a cold is to keep 
the blood upon the surface,''^ 

AVOID EXHAUSTION. 

Never skate until exhausted. Exercise to be bene- 
ficial must always stop short of fatigue. If the limbs 
are so tired at night that you cannot sleep, then you 
have skated too much ; or, if by tapping the muscles 
that are used most in skating you find they ache, then 
you have skated too much. This is a sure test, wheth- 
er you have skated but three minutes or three hours. 
A beginner, from the very nature of things, becomes 
tired in much less time than an experienced skater 
with muscles well developed. You can soon learn to 



26 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

gauge the amount of skating you ought to do by the 
effect upon the muscles and the nervous system the 
day after. The novice must skate but very little at 
first and gradually increase the amount of skating at 
one time so as to give the muscles time to grow and 
strengthen. 

Quoting from Dalton again: *'It will not do for 
any person to remain inactive during the greater part 
of the week and then take an excessive amount of ex- 
ercise on a single day. An unnatural deficiency of this 
kind cannot be compensated by an occasional excess. 
Exercise which is so violent and continued as to pro- 
duce exhaustion or unnatural fatigue is an injury in- 
stead of an advantage, and creates a waste and expen- 
diture of the muscular force instead of its healthy in- 
crease. 

AVOID TIGHT LACING. 

This precaution seems to address itself so plainly 
to the common sense of every one that we had thought 
of omitting it, but we might say in this connection to 
those who do know of the pernicious effects of tight 
lacing, especially when skating, and yet persist in not 
heeding the above suggestion, that they should lace 
still tighter. It is the '' fool-killer's " way. Those who 
read this and feel guilty will no doubt throw away this 
book in disgust. But speaking seriously, we would say 
that skating, like all exercise, requires deeper and fast- 
er breathing than when the body is in normal action. 
If the lungs are not allowed to inflate to the fullest ex- 
tent that nature involuntarily demands, the blood is 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 27 

not purified fast enough and poisons are left in it to 
pass through the system again and induce the head- 
ache. Stooping shoulders are not elegant or healthful. 

AVOID ICE-WATER. 

A very intelligent and distinguished physician says : 
*' Drinks should be sipped and not gulped. Very few 
who have indulged in the rapid drinking of ice-water 
have failed to notice that a sudden pain in the head 
was the result. It may have been a sharp shoot, or a 
mere feeling of dullness, and it may have passed off 
in a moment, but it was at least incipient congestion 
of the brain." There are other evils attendant upon 
the drinking of ice-water. Cool water, but not ice- 
water, should be provided at all rinks. If only ice- 
water is to be had at the rink, wait until you reach 
home. This rule is very important. 

Never skate immediately after eating. At least an 
hour should intervene between meal time and skating. 

Wait in the skate room or hall before going into the 
out-door air if it be very cold, until the breathing be- 
comes normal. 

Walk Home. — If the distance will permit, 'walk 
home by all means, and walk briskly, too, briskly 
enough to keep warm. 

Change underclothing immediately upon reaching 
home. It should never in any case be allowed to dry 
upon the person. 



28 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

POSITION OF THE BODY. 

Keep the body erect, the shoulders back, and the 
head up. Do not sway the weight forward by bending 
the small of the back or at the hips. The body must 
be kept straight and bent forward from the ankle. 
Bend the limbs but very slightly at the knee. At the 
commencement of each stroke the knee of the perform- 
ing leg should be flexed and then gradually straighten- 
ed, but not rigidly. JThe feet should always be kept 
near each other. Jin plain skating the balance foot 
should never leave the floor more than half an inch or 
an inch. Learn from the very first to hold the arms 
still. If the stroke is right there is no tendency to 
swing the arm. It is better to hold the arms rigidly at 
the side than to allow them to fly around in the air 
promiscuously as if they were grasping at straws. 

ONE-SIDEDNESS. 

The great majority of people are right-sided ; a few 
are left-sided, while still fewer are equally right-sided 
or left-sided. Just why this is so is not here necessary 
to explain, but that it is the cause of unsymmetrical 
figures and ungraceful gaits is a fact. We quote from 
Prof .Walker in his valuable work on Exercise for La- 
dies : *'The one-sidedness with which nearly all the 
acts of life are performed is the general cause of the 
greatest and most universal deformity which can only 
be prevented by an equal and similar use of the other 
side." We call attention to this fact because the nat- 
ural tendency of skaters is generally to use the right 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 29 

foot in preference and to the neglect of the left. If 
the right foot be used ever so skillfully and the left foot 
awkwardly, the skating will be imperfect and ungrace- 
ful. Very few even of our expert skaters are able to exe- 
cute with as much precision and grace a figure or move- 
ment upon the left foot which they can perform 
perfectly upon the right. Yet there is no excuse for 
this one-sidedness. To remedy the fault it only re- 
quires practice upon the weaker side, whether it be 
right or left side. The habitual neglect of the left foot 
will surely hinder the progress of the skater and pre- 
vent him from performing many figures which call for 
an equal use and skill of either foot. The beginner 
should avoid this fault from the very first. Practice 
on the left all the more if there is an inclination to 
neglect iti 

Continually going around the rink to the left is a 
\ ery great mistake of the management of the rinks, and 
those who refuse to skate to the right, which comes 
under the head of one-sidedness. Exactly one-half of 
the skating time of every rink should be spent in going 
around to the right ; and gentlemen skating with la- 
dies should always be on the inside, that is, when going 
to the left, be on the left of the lady, and when going 
to the right, be on the right of the lady. An equal 
proficiency in skating to the right or to the left is pos- 
itively necessary to even those who only expect to be- 
come good *'plain" skaters. As we said before, to cor- 
rect this deficiency is only a matter of practice. There 
are those who are ambidextrous ; in fact, ambidexter- 
ity is taught in many of our best business colleges. 



30 Henley's manual of koller skating. 



while in the larger cities may be found book-keepers 
who write equally as well with the right or with the 
left hand. 

RAPIDITY INCOMPATIBLE WITH GRACE. 

Eapidity may be very essential and desirable in the 
business world, in races, or railroading, but it is thor- 
oughly incompatible with grace of movement in skat- 
ing. A graceful movement must be made without ef- 
fort, or at least apparent effort. A fast movement can- 
not be performed without effort and apparent effort. 
Our most artistic and graceful skaters are light in their 
movements without rapidity. Although the majority 
of skaters skate as though they were practicing for a 
race, please do not do likewise. Grace of movement 
is one of the essentials of good skating. There must be 
no angular movements, positions, shuffling, or scramb- 
ling. Haste is sure to cause bad habits which can nev- 
er be entirely eradicated. In plain skating especially 
every movement should be a curve. Curves are lines 
of beauty. A person may learn to skate fast without 
learning to make even one graceful movement. Prof. 
Alvaro, an authority on exercise, says concerning 
grace of movement: '* Remember it takes some mus- 
cle to move the body or limbs with perfect grace. The 
circus performer, as airy and light as he appears, can- 
not go through his exercise gracefully until his mus- 
cles are so developed that he peforms with ease what 
another cannot perform at all. To the ladies we would 
say : ' Don't be afraid of a little muscle. It will take 
a very great deal to take the beautiful curves out of 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 31 

the contour of the body and limbs, and in fact, with a 
great many, it will take a great deal to bring those 
curves there,'" We wish to emphasize the fact that 
rapidity is not grace by saying that many of our good 
skaters skate two to three times as fast as they ought. 

HOW TO PRACTICE. 

Learn one thing at a time. Do not pass from one 
movement to another until you have learned to execute 
the first perfectly every time you try it. Petulant haste 
to learn all the movements in one evening will only re- 
sult in learning nothing. The first movements are 
very essential in all skating, and should therefore be 
studied and practiced with great care and deliberation. 
The first movements are to be found somewhere in 
nearly all fancy skating. They cannot be neglected if 
you wish to learn quickly and well. In learning, prac- 
tice a little at a time and as often as possible. 

DRESS. 

Flapping coat-skirts, baggy pantaloons, long 
dresses, and hoop-skirts are decidedly out of place 
when skating. The costume should be trim and neat. 
Very thin, narrow, or high-heeled shoes should never 
be worn. Beginners should wear longer skates than 
experienced skaters. The skate for a beginner should 
be long enough to bring the front rollers an inch or an 
inch and a half forward of the ball of the foot. But as 
he becomes more expert, he may shorten them until 
the front rollers come directly under the ball of the 
foot. 



CHAPTER IV. 



THE ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES. 

There are twelve elementary principles, one or more 
of which enter into any and every movement performed 
on skates. They are as follows : 

1. The Eoll. 

2. The Compound Curve. 

3. The Lap-foot. 

4. Change of heel and toe. 

5. Pivot-foot. 

6. Eeverse foot. 

7. The Extra push. 

8. The Polka step. 

9. The Turn. 

10. The Halt foot. 

11. The Split. 

12. The Whirl. 

We shall proceed to define each principle in a gen- 
eral way, after which we will take up special illustra- 
tions of each and their variations. 

THE ROLL. 

This is the first and most essential principle to 
learn. It necessarily forms a part of all skating. It 
is a stroke, or glide, generally curving more or less to 
the right or to the left. The straight rolls are not so 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 33 

graceful as the curved ones. Every curved roll should 
be an arc of a circle and not of an ellipse, oval, or para- 
bola. (See Fig. 1.) The weight must be swayed or 
thrown directly towards the other end of the roll, as 
represented by the dotted line AB, and not in the direc- 
tion indicated by the toe at the commencement of the 
stroke, as represented by the dotted line AC. During 
the greater part of the length of the roll the body leans 
towards the center of the arc at D, the centrifugal 
force bringing the body up in position to be swayed in 
the direction of the end of the next or new roll. The 
head describes the curve AEB. 

THE COMPOUND CURVE. 

This is simply joining two rolls of opposite curva- 
ture, as in Fig. 2. The line described by the head in 
performing this compound roll or curve is represented 
by the dotted line AC, the body coming to a perpen- 
dicular position at B, and again at C. 

THE LAP-FOOT. 

This principle is used in all cross rolls and lap-foot 
circles. It is simply carrying one foot around in front 
of or behind the other foot and placing it down to the 
outside, as in Figs. 3 and 4. In the cross rolls, each 
foot is lapped over the other alternately, while in lap- 
foot circle to the left, the right foot is continually lap- 
ped over the left. In lap-foot circle to the right, the 
left foot is continually lapped over the right. 



34 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

THE CHANGE OF HEEL AND TOE. 

There are six modifications of this principle : change 
from heel to toe, change from toe to heel, change from 
fiat foot to heel, change from heel to flat foot, change 
from flat foot to toe, and change from toe to flat foot. 
Examples : A roll may be started on the flat foot and 
changed to toe, that is, finished on the toe ; or the roll 
may be started on the heel and finished on the toe, etc. 

PIVOT-FOOT. 

This is holding one foot still as a center or pivot 
while the other foot circles around, or partly around it. 
The pivot-foot must be rested on the heel or toe, and not 
on the flat foot. The weight is necessarily borne pretty 
well on the inside of the skate of the circle foot, or out- 
side, as the case may be, so that the circle foot will 
make a small arc or circle. Pivot-foot is used in eights 
or threes, or in turning from forward to backward, or 
backward to forward. 

THE REVERSE FOOT. 

This principle includes seven modifications, or 
special variations, as follows : 

Fig. 5. Spread-eagle Eeverse foot. ' 

6. Pivot Keverse foot. 

7. Cut-off Eeverse foot. 

8. Side-step Eeverse foot. 

9. Dizzy No. 1 Eeverse foot. 

10. Dizzy No. 2 Eeverse foot. 

11. The Toe-turn Eeverse foot. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 35 

• 

In the illustrations of Eeverse foot, the left foot is 
the reverse foot. The same variations may also be 
executed with the right foot. 

Figs. 6 and 10 may be used alternately in a field 
movement which would cause the body to turn con- 
stantly to the left. 

Fig. 7, using the left foot as reverse foot, and Fig. 
10, using the right foot as reverse foot, may be used in 
combination for a field movement, keeping the body 
facing one way and making a series of inside rolls on 
the left foot and compound rolls on the right foot, and 
so on. For the other combinations see List of Field 
Movements. 

THE EXTRA PUSH. 

This is, as the name indicates, simply an extra 
push with the foot that has just left the floor. It will 
be readily understood by referring to the illustration. 
Fig. 12. 

THE POLKA-STEP. 

The Polka-step breaks each roll up into short 
strokes, giving to the movement a rythmic beat, which 
may be performed to music. 

THE TURN. 

This is performed by keeping the toe on the floor 
while the heel is lifted slightly and turned to the right 
or to the left ; or, by keeping the heel on the floor and 
lifting the toe slightly and turning it to the right or to 
the left. The turn will be readily understood by ex- 
amining the illustrations. 



36 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

THE HALT FOOT. 

This is performed by turning the foot up on the toe 
so that the front rollers and the toe of the shoe will 
rest on the floor, as in the toe-stops, but instead of al- 
lowing the foot to slide along and gradually stop, the 
foot is stopped suddenly while the body passes on and 
the next foot assumes stroke position. 

THE SPLIT. 

This is made by first taking standing position and 
allowing the feet to take diverging strokes, or rolls, as 
represented in Fig. 13, and also in Fig. 14. 

THE WHIRL. 

A whirl is one complete turn of the body. A spin 
is a continued whirl. Whirls and spins may be per- 
formed upon one foot or two feet, but never fiat foot. 
Two foot whirls are generally made on the heel of one 
foot and the toe of the other foot. Spins may be started 
either with pivot foot circle, (see Fig. 15,) or splits. 
(See Fig. 16.) 




CHAPTER V. 



THE GENERAL VARIATIONS. 

There are nine general variations, all of which are 
applicable to most movements. Those variations 
which are peculiar to certain movements are called 
special variations. The general variations are as 
-follows : 

1. Forward. 6. Left. 

2. Backward. 7. Flat-foot. 

3. Outside KoU. 8. Heel. 

4. Inside EoU. 9. Toe. . 

5. Eight. 

That is, for instance, a roll may be performed for- 
ward making an outside roll, on the right foot, and on 
the flat-foot ; or it may be made on the left toe, back- 
ward, making an inside roll, etc. 

We now proceed to the specific movements. 

A good bird's-eye view of the subject may be gained 
by studying the following outlines : 

Single. 



r Plain 

I Combination. 



SKATING. ^ 



Fancy 



r Field movements. 
Single -j 

[ Figure movements. 

C Field movements. 
Combination 4 

[ Figure movements. 



38 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 



PLAIN. 



Single. 



Combination. 



The plain outside roll, forw. and backw. 
The plain inside roll, * ' " " 
The lap-foot circle to the left. 
The lap-foot circle to the right. 



FANCY SINGLE. ^ 

(Field.) 



f Two foot movements. 
[ Continuous ^ 

(^ One foot movements. 



Two foot movements. 



1^ Broken ^ 

[_ One foot movements. 



FANCY SINGLE. ^ 

(Figure.) 



Continuous 



Broken 



r Two foot movements. 
L One foot movements. 
f Two foot movements. 
(^ One foot movements. 



FANCY SINGLE 

CONTINUOUS 

FIELD MOVEMENTS. 



f Two-foot 



One-foot - 



Skulls. 
Serpentines. 
Zigzags. 
Spread-eagles. 
Guide foot rolls. 
Pivot-foot rolls. 
Mercuries. 
Flying turns. 
Flying whirls. 
Grapevines. 

Serpentines. 

Zigzags. 

Mercuries. 

Flying threes. 

Locomotives. 

Grapevines. 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING, 



39 



FANCY SINGLE 
BROKEN 
FIELD MOVEMENTS. 



Plain outside backward. 
Plain inside backward. 
Changes of roll. 
Cross rolls. 
Extra push rolls. 
Two-foot ^ Lock-foot rolls. 
Halt-foot rolls. 
Reverse-foot rolls. 
Toe-whirl rolls. 
Heel-whirl rolls. 
Flying threes. 



f Changes of roll. 



One-foot -{ 



Toe-whirl rolls. 
Flying threes. 



(^ Hop-rolls. 



FANCY SINGLE FIGURES. 



Continuous 

and 

Broken. 



Circles. 

Eights. 

Threes. 

Fives. 

Square^. 

Hexagons. 

Splits. 

Scissors. 

Spins. 

Whirls. 



PLAIN COMBINATION. 



[ Plain outside roll. 
J Plain inside roll. 
) Lap-foot circle to the left, 
l^ Lap-foot circle to the righ't. 



FANCY COMBINATION. ] 



Long roll, alternating sides. 

Flying Scud. 

Mercury. 

And other movements, according to 

the proficiency of the skaters. 
The March. 
The May-pole. 
Eights. 
Circles. 



CHAPTER VI. 



PLAIN SINGLE, OR INSTRUCTIONS TO BEGINNERS. 



THE OUTSIDE KOLL. 

The word ''Eoll," as used here and hereafter, has 
reference to the movement as a whole, and not to any 
particular stroke, as used heretofore. This outside 
roll is the one most used in skating, whether single, 
fancy, or combination. It is much prettier than the 
inside roll. It is the first movement for the beginner 
to learn, and to that end we give the following seven 
lessons : ^ 

Lesson 1. Take standing position, (Fig. 17,) with 
the heel of the right foot touching the hollow of the 
left and the greater part of the weight borne on the left 
foot. Change from this to the other standing position, 
(Fig. 18,) by first changing the weight from the left to 
the right and then placing the heel of the left foot to 
the hollow of the right. Then transfer the weight of 
the body to the left and place the heel of the right to 
the hollow of the left again. Make this change several 
times until you feel quite secure in the execution of it, 
and the body will have advanced by a series of short 
steps as represented in Fig 6. During the perform- 
ance of this movement the feet should be kept perfectly 
level ; that is, do not allow them to rock from side to 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 41 

side. The ankle must be held stiff while learning to 
skate, so as not to allow the foot to bear on one side of 
the skate more than on the other. If you do not already 
have a graceful carriage, now is the time to acquire it. 
Learn to skate gracefully, and you will be graceful in 
your gait on the street or in the home. The body and 
head should be held erect, the shoulders back, and the 
arms hanging easily down at the side. It is much 
better, however, to hold the arms stiffly down at the 
side than to allow them to catch the air for support. 
Neither the performing leg or balance leg should ever 
be straightened rigidly, but always more or less bent 
at the knee. On the other hand, be very careful to 
allow the knee to bend but slightly. The body should 
never be inclined forward by bending at the hips, or 
stooping of the shoulders, or bending the head down to 
look at the feet, or all of these combined. In plain 
skating the feet should always be kept as close to each 
other as possible. 

Lesson 2. Same as Lesson 1, except place the feet 
at the angle indicated in Fig. 23. The weight of the 
body should be principally borne on the front rollers. 
Eemember to keep the feet level. 

Lesson 3. Same as Lesson 2, except allow the 
skate to roll two or three inches, thus making a series 
of short strokes as represented in Fig. 24. Each stroke 
should be of exactly the same length. If the feet have 
been kept level, the strokes thus far will be perfectly 
straight. 

Lesson 4. Same as Lesson 3, except take a little 



42 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

longer stroke, about eight or ten inches. Eemember 
the weight should be borne mostly on the front rollers. 

Lesson 5. Gradually increase the length of stroke 
as taken in the preceding lesson to three or four feet 
in length, keeping the feet level and making a straight 
stroke. 

Lesson 6. Same as Lesson 5, except bear very 
slightly on the outside of the skate, which will cause 
the stroke to curve to the outside as in Fig. 25. Ee- 
member that you should not push on the foot which 
just leaves the floor so as to gain momentum. This is 
acquired by swaying the body forward towards the 
other end of the stroke to be taken. 

Lesson 7. Gradually increase the length of the 
stroke as taken in Lesson 6 until you can make each 
one fifteen or twenty feet long. During the perform- 
ance of a stroke or roll, the balance foot is properly 
carried by keeping the hollow of it at the heel of the 
floor foot, the toe pointing slightly downwards within 
half an inch or an inch of the floor. Just a little before 
the completion of the stroke the balance foot is brought 
around to stroke position ; that is, with the heel of the 
balance foot at the hollow of the floor foot. See Fig. 
26. The line described by the head is a serpentine as 
represented by the dotted line, in which there must be 
no angles. 

THE INSIDE ROLL. 

This is really the "Dutch EoU," although many call 
the lap-foot front cross roll the "Dutch EoU" by mis- 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 43 

take. The inside roll should be learned next after the 
outside roll. 

Lesson 8. This is the same as Lesson 6, but in- 
stead of bearing the weight on the outside of the skate 
it should now be borne slightly on the inside, which 
will cause the stroke to curve to the inside as in Fig. 27. 

Lesson 9. Gradually increase the length of the 
stroke as learned in Lesson 8 to fifteen or twenty feet. 
Observe directions as to balance foot given in Lesson 
7. Observe also all directions as to position of body, 
etc. See Fig. 28. The dotted line represents the line 
described by the head. 

LAP-FOOT CIRCLE TO THE LEFT. 

Lesson 10. Cut a circle to the left by making an 
outside roll with the left foot and an inside roll with 
the right foot, bring the right foot around in front and 
placing it down to the left of the left foot ^as represented 
in Fig. 29. 

LAP-FOOT CILCLE TO THE RIGHT. 

Lesson 11. Cut a circle to the right by making an 
outside roll with the right foot and an inside roll with 
the left foot, bring the left foot around in front of .and 
placing it down to the right of the right foot as repre- 
sented in Fig. 30. 

The lap-foot as performed in these two circles is 
called the lap-foot front. See Fig. 3. 

When the foregoing eleven lessons are thoroughly 
learned, the march may then be attempted with confi- 



44 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

dence. The outside roll and the lap-foot circle move- 
ment, which is used in turning sharp corners, are by 
far the two movements used most in skating. The out- 
side roll is the prettiest field movement performed on 
skates. It is the one used most in combination skating, 
and is in itself alone well worth the time and trouble 
to learn it. A march, unless the participants have 
learned some other movements, should include only 
these four movements. 








CHAPTER VII, 



FANCY SINGLE. — CONTINUOUS TWO-FOOT 
FIELD MOVEMENTS. 



SKULLS. 



In Fig. 31 the pushes or pressure is made with each 
foot alternately as shown by the shaded portions of 
either line. The fiat-foot skulls are not as pretty or 
fancy as some other movements, but are quite neces- 
sary to learn in order to get the compound curve in the 
changes of roll perfectly. When performed on the 
heels or toes, toes especially, they are very showy. In 
Fig. 32 the pushes are made simultaneously. Perfec- 
tion in this movement will be of great advantage in 
learning and performing many other movements. 
When the feet come nearest together they should almost 
touch, and when they separate, should not separate 
more than eighteen or twenty inches. 

Fig. 33 is much prettier than the other two, and 
should be practiced well. Each foot passes alternately 
in front of the other. For example, when the feet 
approach, let the right pass ahead and cross in front 
of the left ; but the next time the left passes ahead and 
in front of the right, etc. 



46 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

When Fig. 31 is performed on the heels or toes, 
each foot should pass ahead of the other more than 
when performed flat-foot. 

serpentines. 
Fig. 34. The toe of the rear foot should touch the 
heel of the front foot. The motion is sustained by the 
swaying of the body from side to side in such a way as 
to jerk the body forward. Should be practiced until it 
can be performed so gracefully that the swaying of the 
body is so slight that it does not have the appearance 
of giving impetus to it. Learn this movement on heels 
and toes as well as flat-foot ; it is used in some very 
pretty figure eights . 

ZIGZAGS. 

Fig. 35. This is learned by first placing the heels 
together and toes pointed out at right angles to each 
other. Lift the heel of the right foot and the toe of 
the left foot, carrying them, the heel and toe so lifted, 
to the right until the toes are together and the heels 
separated. Then lift the toe of the right foot and the 
heel of the left foot, carrying the toe and heel so lifted 
again to the right, which will bring the feet into the 
same position as assumed at first. Continue this simple 
movement until it is performed easily, and then at- 
tempt the figure by moving the right foot from b to f 
and the left foot from c to d simultaneously, but pass- 
ing the right foot in front of the left at the crossing a. 
Then make a toe turn with the left foot and heel turn 
with the right foot until they are in the positions indi- 
cated at d and /. The right foot crosses at e first and 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 47 

also at X and all the other crossings. This figure does 
not represent a very pretty movement, because it is 
made up of straight lines and angles, but it is a good 
one to learn because it gives proficiency in the heel 
and toe turns. It bears about the same relation to 
skating as velocity exercises do to piano-playing. 

SPREAD-EAGLES. 

Fig. 36. This is a well-known movement in which, 
the performer gains a momentum by any forward 
movement, the locomotive being one of the best, and 
placing the heels together and toes in opposite direc- 
tions and making a long, continuous roll as far as the 
momentum acquired will carry. The heels should be 
placed within at least twelve inches of each other, the 
nearer the better ; knees straight. During the perform- 
ance of this movement, a jump may be made, turning 
half around or completely so. The Eeverse-foot Prin- 
ciple, Fig. 50, is used in all thQ spread-eagles. 

GUIDE FOOT ROLLS. 

Fig. 37. This is the same as the plain forward out- 
side roll, Fig. 26, except that the balance foot, which 
we will now call guide-foot, is allowed to keep the toe 
on the floor behind the floor foot. That is, each foot 
connects its flat-foot rolls with a compound curve toe 
roll, as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 37. 

Fig. 38 is performed backward the same as for- 
ward, with the exception of making the toe-guide rolls 
in front of the floor foot instead of behind. 

The guide-foot rolls should be learned both inside 



48 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

and outside, forward and backward, on heels and on 
toes. When performed on the heels or toes the figure 
may be somewhat varied, as shown in Fig. 39, by hold- 
ing the foot still at h while that part of the stroke ac 
between the letters e and x is being made. While the 
left foot is going from x to c, the right foot is going 
from b to z, and while the right foot is going from z to 
y the left is held still at c, &cT The Change of Heel 
and Toe Principle is used in all Guide-foot Eolls. 

Fig. 40. This is a Promenade Step which may be 
performed to 3-4 or 2-4 time. The dotted lines indicate 
the toe rolls except the short curves, ah and de. At a 
the right foot is brought down fiat while at the same 
time the left foot makes a toe turn at c by lifting the 
heel at a and passing it over to b, as indicated by the 
dotted line ab. These two movements performed simul- 
taneously make the second beat in the measure if the 
movement is being performed to 2-4 time, but if being 
performed to 3-4 time, it accents the first beat in each 
measure. In 2-4 time, the first beat of the next meas- 
ure is made by the flat-foot roll af and the toe roll ccZ, 
the toe roll always coming in behind the flat-foot roll. 
This movement should also be learned with a heel 
roll guide. 

PIVOT -FOOT ROLLS. 

Fig. 41. This is only a practice movement, it not 
being very pretty on account of the wide separation of 
the feet at times. The right foot is going from c to d 
while the heel of the left foot is making the turn from 
a to b; and the left foot goes from b to f while the 



Henley's manual of rollee skating. 49 

right is making the turn from d to e. This is using 
the toe as the pivot. The heel may also be used as a 
pivot. This movement is used in figure eights. It is 
also something like the Pivot Reverse-foot Principle, 
Fig. 6. 

the mercury. 

The position is the same as in one-foot leading ser- 
pentines. The momentum is gained and a long roll 
made as in the spread-eagles, except the position of 
the feet is different. 

FLYING TURNS. 

Fig. 42. The Principle of the Turn is used in this 
movement. Start forward with Fig. 32 skulling move- 
ment. Then after a slight momentum is gained, make 
a toe turn on both toes turning to the right; then 
make a heel turn on both heels turning to the right 
again, and so on. The heel and toe turns as made in 
this movement are called double heel turns or double 
toe turns, as the case may be. Practice this move- 
ment with the feet close together as possible until it 
can be performed very rapidly ; it is preliminary to the 
grapevines. The turn on both toes or both heels 
should be made simultaneously. 

Fig. 43 is the same as Fig. 42, except the toe turns 
are not made simultaneously; neither are the heel 
turns. The toe turn at r made on the right toe is made 
just before the toe turn at d made on the left toe ; or, 
in other words, the heel of the right foot is brought 
from atob and then the heel of the left foot is brought 
from h to e. And in like manner the heel turn at h is 



50 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

made before the heel turn at /. The turns so made 
are called broken turns. This movement should be 
thoroughly practiced if you desire to learn the grape- 
vines. The same movement should be learned turn- 
ing to the left. Figs. 42 and 43 should be practiced 
and learned thoroughly on the heels, toes, right heel 
and left toe, and left heel and right toe. 

Fig. 44 is the same as Fig. 42, with the exception 
that instead of simply making a double toe turn, say 
at c, a heel and toe whirl is made by whirling on the 
left heel and right toe. The same kind of a whirl is 
made at e, etc. This movement is called " The Flying 
Turn with w^hirl." Eemember to practice this move- 
ment turning to the left as well as turning to the right. 
Practice also on heels, toes, right heel and left toe, and 
left heel and right toe. 

FLYING WHIRLS. 

Fig. 45. This is performed on the toes with the | 
body constantly turning to the right. The left foot is | 
held at b while the right goes from a to c ; and the 
right foot is held at c while the left goes from h to d; 
and so on. Never allow the fiat - foot to touch in this 
movement. The roll from a to c is made with the toe 
pointing to c, while the roll from c to 6 is made with 
the heel pointing to e. The roll from b to d is made 
with the heel pointing to d, while the roll from d to /is 
made with the toe pointing to/. Or, in other words, it 
is like performing Fig. 43 with the lines or strokes kc 
and df left out, the toe remaining at k and d while the 
other stroke is being made past it. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 51 

Fig. 46 is the same as Fig. 45, except the body 
turns continuously in the opposite direction. Both of 
these figures should be practiced on the toes, heels, 
and heel and toe. 

FLYING turn GRAPEVINES. 

Single. Fig. 47. A double toe turn is made as in 
Fig. 42, but instead of bringing the feet around as 
shown by the dotted lines a and h, a double heel turn 
is made at c and d. That is, the toe turns are made 
as in Fig. 42, and, by the use of the Compound-curve 
principle, the heel turns are made as at c and d. This 
movement may also be made with broken toe and heel 
turns, which are explained in Fig. 43. A whirl may be 
made in place of the toe and heel turns, as shown in 
Fig. 49. 

Fig. 48. This is the grapevine interlacing. It is 
generally performed on the toes by experts ; and when 
so performed, it makes a very showy movement. The 
body faces xa, as shown in the figure, and the right 
foot passes from x to 5, while the left is held at a. In 
going from h io c the left is crossed over in front of the 
right while the body is going backward. But at c the 
left passes rapidly ahead of the right and reaches e at 
the same time the right reaches d. Then the right 
passes very rapidly from d to g, while the left remains 
at e, but at g the left catches up with the right and 
crosses behind it. At h the left passes ahead of the 
right and reaches k by the time the right reaches i. 
This movement should be performed rapidly and with 



62 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

fehort compound curves, so that it will look much more 
difficult than it really is. 

Double. Fig. 50. A toe turn and then a heel turn 
are made as in Fig. 42, and then a toe turn and then 
a heel turn are made. Broken turns may be used in- 
stead of double turns. This movement njay be defined 
in general as a toe turn and a heel turn to the right, 
and a toe turn and a heel turn to the left, each alter- 
nate turning to the right and left being connected by a 
compound curve made on each foot. A whirl may be 
made in place of the toe turns as shown in Fig. 52. 

flying whirl grapevines. 

Single. Fig. 55. This is a combination of the 
movements represented by Figs. 45 and 46, the alter- 
nate turning to the right and to the left being con- 
nected by interlacing compound curves. That is, a 
whirl is made to the right as in Fig. 45, and then a 
whirl is made to the left as in Fig. 46. 

Double. Fig. 56. This is simply making two fly- 
ing whirls to the left, and then two to the right, etc. 

The grapevines on heels or toes are the showiest 
and prettiest movements performed on skates. They 
may be started and ended with a split with good effect. 



CONTINUOUS ONE-FOOT FIELD MOVEMENTS. 



SERPENTINES. 

Fig. 57. This is much like the two-foot serpentines. 
In both cases a simple waved line is described on the 



Henley's manual of koller skating. 53 

floor. The easiest way to perform this movement is by 
swinging the balance foot behind the floor foot across 
the line of motion, as shown in the figure. It may be 
performed with the balance foot swinging in front of 
the floor foot or resting on the heel of the floor foot or 
the toe of the floor foot. The principle of the Compound 
Curve is used in this movement. Learn to perform all 
the variations of this movement with very long and 
curving rolls, as it is preliminary to some one-foot 
eights. 

ZIGZAGS. 

Fig. 58. This might also be called a one-foot grape- 
vine, as it is performed very much in the same way. 
Learn to perform it as much as possible with acute 
angles and straight lines. It will be found rather 
difficult. 

MERCURIES. 

This is simply gaining an impetus by any forward 
movement and making a long roll on one toe or one 
heel. To learn this, get pretty well up on the toe until 
the toe of the shoe almost touches the floor. Move the 
balance foot backward and forward parallel with the 
floor foot. This is done to keep the balance, but of 
course it looks better to keep the balance foot still. 
This is preliminary to the one-foot serpentines on heels 
or toes. It also develops the muscles for all toe and 
heel business. 

FLYING THREES. 

Fig. 59. Starting on the inside. This is simply 
made up of alternate heel and toe turns. The balance 



54 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

foot serves to jerk the body around. The broken 
threes should be learned before this is attempted. 
This movement should be learned well, however, as 
some of the one-foot eights are done upon this prin- 
ciple. 

Fig. 60 is the same as Fig. 59, except turning in 
opposite direction. 

Fig. 61 is performed on left foot starting on the in- 
side. 

LOCOMOTIVES. 

Fig. 62. This is something like the one-foot ser- 
pentine with the balance foot swinging behind, but in- 
stead of in the air, it touches the floor each time it 
crosses the line of motion. Each alternate stroke of 
the balance foot is a reverse-foot stroke. When this 
movement is made rapidly, it is supposed to imitate 
the noise of a locomotive. This movement may be 
varied by lifting the leading foot at each stroke of the 
balance foot as in Fig. 63 ; or by making a straight 
line with the leading foot ; also by alternating right 
and left foot as leading foot at the completion of each 
second or fourth step. Fig. 64 shows the alternation 
of leading foot at each second step with the lifting of 
leading foot at each step. Fig. 65 shows the alterna- 
tion of leading foot at each fourth step without lifting 
the leading foot at each step. The variations of Fig. 
62 all belong to broken two-foot movements, but are 
given here because better understood in this connec- 
tion. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 55 



GRAPEVINES. 

Single. Fig. 66. This is made by using a toe turn 
of Fig. 59 and heel turn of Fig. 60, connecting them 
by a compound curve. 

Fig. 67. This is made by using a heel turn of Fig. 
59 and a toe turn of Fig. 60. 

Double. Fig. 68. This is performed by making a 
toe turn and heel turn as in Fig. 59 and then com- 
pound curve, after which a toe turn and heel turn is 
made as in Fig. 60. The compound curves in this are 
made going forward. 

Fig. 69. This is performed by starting backward, 
first making a heel turn and then a toe turn as in 
Fig. 59, and then by a compound curve, making a heel 
turn and toe turn as in Fig. 60. The compound curves 
in this instance are made going backward. 

Fig. 70 explains itself. 



BROKEN TWO-FOOT FIELD MOVEMENTS. 
PLAIN OUTSIDE ROLL, BACKWARD. 

Fig. 72. This is learned by first learning the back- 
ward skull. Fig. 31. After Fig. 31 is learned thor- 
oughly on the flat-foot, then practice Fig. 71, which is 
the same as Fig. 31, except that the heel of one foot is 
raised while the other makes an outside roll ; or, in 
other words, one foot makes a toe roll while the other 
makes an outside roll. Learn gradually to make both 
the toe roll on one foot and the outside roll on the other 



66 Henley's manual of rollek skating. 

long as possible, bearing less weight of the body on the 
toe roll and more on the outside roll. Eemember the 
toe roll is always an inside roll. A slight push is given 
with each foot as it changes from outside roll to inside 
toe roll. There will be a slight change of fiat-foot roll 
in this movement, as will be seen by examining the 
figure. This change of roll becomes necessary so that 
the push may be given. The object of the skater, how- 
ever, should be to learn to make this with as little a 
change of roll as possible. Practice this movement 
well, as it is very necessary to fancy skating. 

PLAIN inside roll, BACKWARD. 

Fig. 74. This movement also is learned by first 
learning the backward skull, Fig. 31, but instead of 
learning to make an inside toe roll and an outside flat- 
foot roll, make an outside toe roll and an inside flat- 
foot roll as represented by Fig. 73, the dotted line rep- 
resenting the toe roll. This and the preceding move- 
ment are very essential and preliminary to all fancy 
skating, and should be learned thoroughly. Eemem- 
ber to hold the body erect, bearing the weight princi- 
pally on the rear rollers. In performing these rolls, 
the head should be turned alternately to the right and 
left at each stroke so that he may avoid collisions, etc. 
That is, when a stroke is made on the right foot the 
head is turned to the left, and when a stroke is made 
on the left foot the head is turned to the right. 

CHANGE OF ROLL. 

Starting on the inside. Fig. 75. This is simply 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 57 

making a compound curve on each foot. The figure I 
is sufiiciently plain. 

Starting on the outside. Fig. 76. 

Starting right foot on the inside and left foot on the 
outside. Fig. 77. 

These changes of roll should be learned well, both 
forward and backward. 

CROSS ROLLS, FORWARD, OUTSIDE. 

Lap-foot front. Fig. 78. This movement is learn- 
ed by first learning the lap-foot circles forward to the 
right and to the left. It will then be comparatively 
easy to learn to always lap the balance foot over and 
across the floor foot. This is a very pretty movement, 
and should be learned by all. 

Lapfoot back. To learn to execute this with a 
simple outside roll on each foot is very difficult. The 
lap-foot back is generally made with a change of roll, 
starting on the inside, which movement constitutes the 
*'0n to Eichmond Keverse," as shown in Fig. 79. 

CROSS ROLLS FORWARD, INSIDE. 

Lapfoot front. Fig. 80. This is quite a pretty 
movement, in which there is a slight change of roll at 
the end of each stroke. This change of roll, though, 
should be made as slight as possible. 

Lapfoot back. This gives practically the same 
movement as the " On to Eichmond Eeverse." Fig. 79. 

CROSS ROLLS BACKWARD, OUTSIDE. 

Lap-foot front. Fig. 81. This is what is com- 



68 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

monly called the "On to Richmond" movement. It 
gives the performer the appearance of trying to go for- 
ward when he is really going backward. 

Lap-foot hack. Fig. 82. This is the prettiest back- 
ward roll performed on skates. It should be practiced 
thoroughly, as it is used very much in figure skating. 
The head is gradually turned from side to side at each 
roll ; for example, at the commencement of the right 
foot roll the head is turned to the left, and at the com- 
mencement of the left foot roll the head is turned to 
the right. The balance foot is carried slowly around 
to stroke position as represented by the dotted lines. 
Where the dotted line crosses the floor foot line it rep- 
resents the balance foot passing behind the floor foot. 
This roll may be started by first taking standing posi- 
tion with the right foot heel at the hollow of the left 
foot, and then throwing the weight back in the direc- 
tion which the heel of the right foot indicates, and at 
the same time bringing that foot back behind the left, 
to stroke position. The movement may also be started 
with a backward skull. 

CROSS ROLLS BACKWARD, INSIDE. 

Lap -foot front. Fig. 83. 
Lap-foot hack. Fig. 84. 

EXTRA PUSH ROLLS. 

Forward, outside. Fig. 85. This is made by simply 
giving a push with the balance foot at the beginning of 
each stroke. 



Henley's manual of koller skating. 59 

Backivardj oittside. Fig. 86. This is also made by 
giving a push with the balance foot at the beginning of 
each stroke. 

If the floor foot is lifted after each extra push the 
movement then will be the polka step roll No. 2. Fig. 88. 

POLKA STEP ROLLS. 

Forward, plain. Fig. 87. In this case the roll is 
broken into three strokes, or it takes three strokes to 
make one roll. In the figure the first stroke is on the 
right foot, outside, the second on the left foot, inside, 
and the third stroke on the right foot, outside. The 
roll to the left is made by first an outside stroke on the 
left, second, an inside stroke on the right, and third, 
an outside stroke on the left. The plain forward and 
backward, the forward with lap-foot front and back- 
ward with lap-foot back may be performed to 3-4, 
4-4, or 6-8 time by lengthening the third stroke of each 
roll to suit. In 4-4 time the third stroke is made long 
enough to take up the last two beats in the measure ; 
and in 6-8 time the third stroke is performed during the 
last four beats, counting six beats to the measure. The 
forward polka step rolls with lap-foot back and the 
backward with lap-foot front, should be performed to 
4-4 time or 6-8 time. No. 176 in the list of movements 
when performed to 6-8 time, giving three beats to the 
whirl, is a very pretty and at the same time rather 
difficult movement. 

LOCK-FOOT ROLLS. 

Fig. 90. The left foot makes lap-foot back at a and 



60 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

then the right is lifted at the end of the stroke at b 
and placed down at c, thereby making a reverse-foot 
step. 

Fig. 91. This is the same as the preceding except 
that the right foot makes a toe turn at b, instead of 
being lifted entirely off the floor. 

Fig. 92. A slight stroke is made on the left foot 
from a to b, while the right foot is being lifted from 
c to d; and at 6 a slight toe-turn is made, bringing the 
heel around as indicated by the dotted line. This 
movement is rather difficult ; each forward roll is on 
the inside. 

Fig. 93. This is like the preceding, with the ex- 
ception that at e, instead of turning the body around 
to the right, the body is turned to the left, and then a 
compound curve is made on the left foot. 

Fig. 94 is performed backward, starting each roll on 
the inside. At a a lap-footj back is made, and at & a 
cut-off, or leverse-foot, is made, etc. 

HALT -FOOT ROLLS. 

Plain forward, outside. This is the plain forward 
outside roll, with the addition of turning the floor foot 
up on each toe at the end of every stroke, so that the 
toe of the shoe will rest on the floor and make a sudden 
stop. Plain forward inside is made in the same way. 

Forward, outside, lap-foot bach. Fig. 95. This may 
be performed to 4-4 time. The first beat is made by 
the forward stroke, the second beat is made by the 
lap-foot back stroke, the third beat is made by turning 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 61 

the floor-foot up on the toe, and the fourth beat is 
made by bringing the lap-foot around to stroke posi- 
tion. This is used in several figure eights. 

Backward outside, ivith lap-foot front. Fig. 96. This 
is rather difficult, but should be learned, as the move- 
ment is used in several figure eights. The illustration 
explains itself. 

I REVERSE -FOOT ROLLS. 

I 

Spread-eagle, Pig. 97. This is done by alternating 
leading foot, making a roll to the outside. The change 
of leading foot may also be made by a jump, turning 
half way around. Each spread-eagle roll may also be 
made to the inside. 

Cut-off front, facing left. Fig. 98. This is used in 
combination with the Dizzy No. 2, reverse-foot. x\t a 
the cut-oif step is made, and at b the Dizzy No. 2 step 
is made. 

Cut-off back, facing left. Fig. 99. This is also 
made in combination with Dizzy No. 2. This and the 
preceding movement should be practiced well, as they 
are used in some very pretty figure eights. 

Cut-off front, alternating right and left. Fig. 100. 

Dizzy No. 1 is used in combination with Dizzy No. 
2, making a movement in which the body continuously 
turns to the right or left. Fig. 101 represents the 
movement where the body turns continuously to the 
left, always making a forward stroke on the left foot, 
and a backward stroke on the right. 

The toe-turn reverse-foot may be used in connection 
with the cut-off back step, making also a movement 



62 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

in which the body turns continuously in one direction. 
Fig. 102 represents the body turning continuously to 
the left. A slight toe-turn is made at the end of each 
left foot stroke. 

TOE -WHIRL ROLLS. 

This is made by turning to the right or left at the 
end of each stroke, according to whether the balance 
foot is swung in front or behind. For example : If the 
stroke and toe-turn is to be made on the right foot and 
the balance foot is swung in front, the body will make 
a turn to the right ; but if the balance foot is swung 
behind, the body will make a turn to the left. It being 
a complete turn of the body, that is, a turn once around, 
it is called a toe-whirl to distinguish it from a toe-turn, 
which is always less than one-half way around. The 
whirl made by swinging the balance foot back is much 
easier than the one made by swinging it front. In 
making balance foot back toe-whirls (Fig. 103) the 
body should be turned as much to the left as possible 
before the balance foot swing is made, supposing the 
balance foot to be the left foot. The fact that the 
body can be so turned in making a balance foot back- 
whirl is the reason that this kind of a whirl is easier 
than the balance foot front-whirls. 

HEEL -WHIRL ROLLS. 

Fig. 104. That which is said in reference to the 
toe-whirl rolls applies equally to the heel-whirl rolls. 
These heel-whirl rolls and the toe-whirl rolls are very 
showy but rather difficult. They are used in may very 
pretty figure eights. 



Henley's manual of rollee skating. 63 



FLYING THREES. 

Forward, starting on the inside. Fig. 105. 

Forward, starting on the outside. Fig. 106. 

Backivard, starting on the inside. Fig. 107. This 
necessitates a toe half- whirl at the end of each back- 
ward outside stroke. The balance foot is swung back, 
as indicated by the arrow. This movement is rather 
difficult but showy. It may be varied by making a 
cut-oflf back step. Fig. 108. 

Backward, starting on the outside. Fig. 109. This 
is made with a slight toe-turn at the end of each back- 
ward inside stroke, balance foot swung back ; or, it 
may be made with a change of roll and Dizzy No. 1 
step. Fig. 110. 

All the foregoing flying threes should be learned 
with a complete toe or heel-whirl at the end of each 
three. 



BROKEN ONE-FOOT FIELD MOVEMENTS. 



CHANGES OF ROLL. 

The changes of roll on one foot are made with the 
aid of a hop at the end of each compound curve. 
They may be performed something like a one-foot 
serpentine, with a slight hop at every other curve. 
Fig, 111 shows that the hop is made a little to one side 
so that a push is given at a, throwing the body into 
stroke position at c. In Fig. 112 the body makes a 
quarter turn in the air at each hop. All these one- 



64 Henley's manual of koller skating. 

foot changes of roll may be used in the one-foot figure 
eights. 

TOE -WHIRL ROLLS. 

These are very difficult but very showy. They are 
well worth the trouble to learn, as they may be used 
in one-foot figure eights. A hop is made after each 
whirl. 

flying threes. 

These are like the one-foot continuous flying threes, 
except that they are broken at each turn or alternate 
turn by a hop or turn in the air. See Figs. 113 and 114. 

HOP ROLLS. 

The impetus is given by a hop at the end of each 
stroke, as shown in Fig. 115. They should be learned 
inside and outside, forward and backward. They are 
not very pretty, but may be used in one-foot figure 
eights. They are also preliminary to the one-foot toe 
or heel rolls. 




I] 



CHAPTER VIII. 



FANCY SINGLE FIGURES. — (CONTINUOUS.) 



CIRCLES. 

All field movements may be performed in a circle by 
simply making the line of motion take a circular di- 
rection. Of these it is not necessary to speak. There 
are a few movements, however, which are peculiar to 
a circular motion, among which are the lap-foot cir- 
cles learned in plain single skating. These lap-foot 
circles should be learned backward as well as forward. 

Both the cut-off steps may be used in a circle, either 
with the face to the center or the back to the center. 
Fig. 116 represents cut-off front circle with the back 
to the center, while Fig. 117 represents the same with 
the face to the center. 

There is also a little circle of four strokes, in the 
performance of which the face is kept constantly in 
one direction. If the line of motion is to the right, it 
is performed as follows : First, an outside roll on the 
right foot ; second, by use of the cut-off reverse-foot 
make a roll backward on the outside of the left foot ; 
third, an inside roll backward on the right foot ; and 
fourth, an inside roll on the left which brings the per- 
former to starting position. See Fig. 118. The same 
may be performed with the line of motion to the left. 



66 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

A one-foot circle may be made as shown in Fig. 119, 
by the use of the hop. 

The zigzag circles appear complicated to the unini- 
tiated. See Fig. 120. 

The flying whirls when performed in a small circle 
make a very pretty figure. See Fig. 121. j 

eights. 

Almost all the field movements may be used in a 
figure eight. It will be apparent from this statement 
that the list of eights, therefore, will be a large one, 
and for that reason we will reserve them for a separate 
chapter. 

threes. 

The figure threes are very essential to fancy skating 
and at the same time rather easy to learn, especially 
the toe-turn threes. The ideal three is made with a 
three-quarter circle to each half of the three as repre- 
sented in Fig. 122 ; but when it is used in combination 
with other movements or in field movements, it under- 
goes many modifications and only retains its character 
in the toe and heel turns that are made. Beside the 
heel and toe turn threes, there are the pivot-foot, lock- 
foot, and cut-off reverse-foot threes, etc. 

FIVES. 

The figure fives are comparatively easy after the 
heel and toe turn threes are perfectly learned. They 
are sufficiently explained in the list of movements and 
the illustrations. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 67 



SQUARES. 

This is simply performing some field movement in 
the general form of a square. The two-foot and one- 
foot grapevine squares are very pretty. The one-foot 
grapevine squares may be made with a hop, as in Figs. 
128 and 129. 

[HEXAGONS. 

This also may be made by performing a field move- 
ment in the shape of a hexagon. A one-foot hexagon 
with hop is represented in Fig. 130. 

SPLITS. 

The splits are defined in a preceding chapter. They 
are used in starting and ending grapevines, scissors, 
and eights. A combination of the forward and back- 
ward split may be used successfully with a change of 
heel and toe, making a figure as represented by Fig. 
132. The forward and backward split in combination 
may also be made interlacing, standing still, or moving 
to the right or to the left, as shown in Figs. 133 and 134, 
respectively. 

Fig. 133 may be performed flat-foot or on toes. 
When performed flat-foot it is harder for others to dis- 
cover exactly what the movement is than when per- 
formed on the toes. The object is to move the feet 
from a and c back to h and d, and then to move them 
forward to a and e again. In moving the feet back- 
ward one foot, the right for example, goes a little 
slower than the left, and crosses in front of it, but 



68 Henley's manual of holler skating. 

reaches h by the time the left reaches cL In going for- 
ward from b and d to a and c, the right foot again 
goes slower than the left and crosses in behind it, but 
reaches a by the time the left reaches c. 

Fig. 134 is the same movement as Fig. 133, except 
that the body moves to the right by making each split a 
little to the right of the preceding split. For instance, 
the left foot in being drawn back will go form h to d in- 
stead of from b to a; and the right foot will go from / to 
g instead of from / to e, etc. 

SCISSORS. 

The prettiest way to perform the scissors is on the 
toes, although it may be performed flat-foot or on the 
heels. They may be performed straight as in Figs. 
135 and 136, or interlacing as in Fig. 137. 

Fig. 135. Start at c, let the feet separate and reach 
d and e, then draw them back to c, where the right foot 
is brought immediately behind the left, then make a 
half whirl to the right, going forward in the direction 
of b Tfith the right foot in advance of the left. When 
the split is made at b the feet may be drawn back to/, 
where another half whirl is made as at first, after which 
the skater goes back and makes another split at a, etc. 
The half turn may be made by bringing the left foot 
immediately behind the right and turning to the left. 
The rule is if the left foot is behind, turn to the left, 
and if the r^ht foot is behind, turn to the right. A 
whole whirl and a half may be made instead of a half 
whirl. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 69 

Fig. 136 is the same as the preceding, except that 
the half whirl is made in the middle of the figure in- 
stead of at the end. 

Fig. 137 may be obtained by simply making Fig. 
139 interlacing. 

Fig. 138 shows a variation of the scissors which is 
very pretty. Go from d to a as in Fig. 140, but at a 
make a three-quarter whirl so that the remaining half 
of the scissors is made in the direction of c instead of b. 
From c go back to a and make another three-quarter 
whirl and go to h; from b come back to a, make a three- 
quarter whirl and go to ^, etc. It may be well here to 
repeat that all grapevines should be started and ended 
with a split just as the scissors are started and ended 
with a split. The object in making the split in these 
movements is to separate the feet as little as possible, 
and at the same time give as much impetus to the body 
as possible by squeezing the feet toward each other as 
they are drawn back. In making the scissors an addi- 
tional impetus may be gained in making the half whirl 
by giving a slight push with the left foot, if the whirl 
be made to the right, just as the toe points at right 
angles to the line of motion. 

SPINS. 

The spins are always very showy, whether per- 
formed in connection with other movements or alone. 
The spin is a prolonged or continued whirl. It 
should be performed with the arms straight down at 
the sides, the body erect, and the head up. The 
length and beauty of the spin depends much upon a 



70 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

perfect balance being maintained. Even a heavy 
watch will prevent a good spin. During the spin the 
head should be kept directly over the center of gravity. 
Spins may be started with pivot-foot circles, splits, 
flying whirls, or grapevines. When started with flying 
whirls or grapevines, the body is apt to keep moving 
onward during the spin. In this case the figure 
described represents a corkscrew, and for that reason 
they are known as ^'corkscrew spins." See Fig. 139. 
The one-foot spins are very difficult. They are 
started with a roll with a sharp curve, a heel turn, and 
then a spin on the toe as shown in Fig. 140. The bal- 
ance foot is held in front or behind the other leg. 
See Fig. 141. 




Pig-. 141. 



CHAPTER IX. 



PLAIN COMBINATION. 



Combination skating is skating with a partner — 
lady or gentleman. The plain outside roll is com- 
monly used in this branch of skating, although the 
inside roll should be learned so that it may be used in 
the fancy combination. The plain inside roll is not 
very pretty in either single or combination skating, 
and it takes considerable practice before it can be per- 
formed with anything like grace. When performed as 
cross roll, however, it is much prettier than the plain 
roll. The 'lap-foot circles in combination with a part- 
ner, should be learned thoroughly, so that when skating 
a march, the circle to the right may be performed with 
a regular stroke, keeping time with the others, and not 
with a long roll on both feet, until the circle is com- 
pleted. In a march, the gentleman always starts with 
the lady on the right ; but in general skating, the gen- 
tlemen always takes the inside ;S that is, if the general 
skating be to the left, the gentleman takes the lady on 
his right so that he may support her in ** turning the 
corners,'' but if the general skating be to the right, 
the gentleman takes the lady on his left for the same 
reason that he took her on the right in the former 
case. 



72 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

The lap-foot circles should be learned with the gen- 
tleman on the outside, and also with the gentleman on 
the inside ; that is, the couple should practice lap-foot 
circle to the left with the lady on the left, and then 
with the lady on the right ; and the lap-foot circle to 
the right should be practiced with the lady on the left, 
and then with the lady on the right. It is very neces- 
sary that all the circles should be practiced well, so 
that there will be a unity, or oneness, of motion; 
because one of the essential points of excellence in 
combination skating is this uniformity of motion and 
stroke. The couple should have exactly the same 
stroke as if governed by one mind, so that in a 
march, when they separate and skate alone for awhile, 
they will have their strokes come in exactly right when 
they again join hands. 

Although combination skating is especially enjoy- 
able with an interesting person and a good skater, yet 
it is in its crudity. Very few of the fancy movements 
are performed in combination. It is our opinion, how- 
ever, that in a few years this branch of the art will 
have advanced so far and so generally throughout the 
country that skating clubs will be as numerous as 
dancing clubs. Very many of the simple movements 
performed singly will become very interesting when 
performed in combination with a partner. 

The proper position for holding the hands and 
arms in plain combination skating is illustrated in Fig. 
142. The lady and gentleman are supposed to be going 
around the rink to the left. The gentleman takes the 




Figr. 142. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 73 

lady's right hand in his right hand, and the lady's left 
in his left, the right arm of the gentleman passing 
under the lady's left arm. 

FANCY COMBINATION. 

This is the highest and most difficult branch of the 
whole art of skating, and the most interesting and en- 
joyable as well; but, as before remarked, it is yet in 
its crudity. There are so many beautiful combination 
movements which can only be performed by experi- 
enced skaters, that it is difficult to assemble sufficient 
talent at any one rink to practice and develop this 
branch of the art. For this reason we are very much 
in favor of skating clubs, because they offer time and 
opportunity for improvement in this particular direc- 
tion. We sometimes wonder why some ladies and 
gentlemen do not become tired of skating around the 
rink in one direction all evening without ever varying 
their stroke when there are so many pretty combina- 
tion movements to learn. The combination eight per- 
formed by good skaters, where every stroke is precision, 
affords a pleasure which dancing never can. There 
are many simple movements, however, which are per- 
formed more easily with a partner than without, such 
as the cross-rolls, the polka steps, the " On to Eich- 
mond," etc. 

Besides the position of holding, or joining, the 
hands as given in Plain Combination, and which we 
will call Position 1, there are several other positions 
which are graceful and quite easy. We give them be- 



74 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

low so numbered that they may be conveniently refer- 
red to hereafter : 

Position 2. Gentleman on the left ; passes his right 
arm under the lady's left, taking her left hand in his 
right. Fig. 142J. 

Position 3. Gentleman to the left ; assume Posi- 
tion 2, and then bring the arms straight down to the 
side, keeping the hands joined and skating close to 
each other. 

Position 4. Gentleman to the left ; takes lady's 
left hand in his right, but is separated somewhat from 
the lady. 

Position 5. Gentleman to the right ; takes lady's 
right hand in his right, as in position 1, but instead of 
joining left hands in front the lady passes her left hand 
behind her back and joins the gentleman's left, as 
shown in Fig. 143. 

Position 6. Gentleman behind lady ; lady reaches 
both her hands back with her right hand in his right 
and her left hand in his left. 

Position 7. Gentleman in front skating backward ; 
takes lady's right hand in his left and her left hand in 
his right. 

Position 8. Same as Position 7, except the lady 
skates backward and the gentleman forward. 

long roll alternating sides. 

The lady and gentleman assume Position 5, stand- 
ing with the heel of the right foot at the hollow of the 
left. Take one stroke on the right foot. This gives 




Fig-. 142>< 




Fig". 143. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 75 

sufficient momentum to take a long roll on the left foot. 
During the long roll on the left foot, the gentleman 
passes behind the lady and to the other side by curving 
his stroke more than the lady's stroke. This brings 
the gentleman on the left side of the lady, with the 
lady's right hand now behind her back. The next 
stroke is a long roll on the right foot, during which the 
gentleman again passes behind the lady and takes his 
place at her right as at first. Fig. 144 represents the 
strokes as taken in this movement, the dotted lines rep- 
resenting the lady's movement. This is a very pretty 
combination movement, and should be learned by 
everybody, as it may be performed in a simple figure 
eight or combination eight. 

THE MARCH. 

The march is one of the prettiest performances on 
skates. It may be made intricate or not, according to 
the ability of those who take part. The participants 
should keep step with each other, every one taking a 
stroke on the right foot at the same time and of the 
same length, and then on the left foot at the same time 
and of the same length. A piece of music in 3-4 time 
is the best for a simple march ; but where the perform- 
ers are capable, a potpourri is splendid, the performers 
changing their step at each change of time in the mu- 
sic. A plain polka step will be used to a slow waltz, 
or a lap-foot back may be used to a piece in 4-4 time or 
6-8 time. The promenade step may be performed to 
waltz time or march time. When a march is varied, 



76 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

not only with all these different steps, but with the 
various positions of joining hands, it becomes very 
interesting to the skaters and very pretty to the audi- 
ence. The success of the march depends very much 
upon the lead couple, as they must know their figures 
thoroughly, and be able as well as the others to 
execute them nicely. Each couple should keep about 
six feet distant from the forward couple. 

We give below only a few of the almost endless 
variety of march movements and figures : 

Fig. 145. This is what is called a plain march fig- 
ure eight. The skaters follow the lead couple around 
in the direction indicated by the arrows. The rect- 
angle represents the boundary of the rink floor. 

Fig. 146. This is performed by each couple sepa- 
rating at a, the ladies going to the right as indicated 
by the light line, and the gentlemen going to the left. 
Each couple are to join hands again at h. 

Fig. 147. This is the same as the preceding figure, 
except that at h the partners are not to join hands, 
but the gentlemen pass behind their respective part- 
ners, as indicated by the heavy line. The ladies cut 
the end of the eight opposite from the end which they 
first cut, and then when ladies and gentlemen come 
around to h they join hands. 

Fig. 148. Partners separate at a, the ladies turn- 
ing to the right and the gentlemen to the left. At h 
the gentlemen pass behind their respective partners 
in the direction indicated by the heavy line, and meet 
their partners at c, but passing on to the outside until 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 77 



they come around to h again, where they join hands 
with partners. 

Fig. 149. Disjoin hands at a, the ladies turning to 
the right and the gentlemen to the left. At h the gen- 
tlemen fall in behind their respective partners. La- 
dies and gentlemen then all go single file until they 
reach c, where the gentlemen go to the right and ladies 
to the left, coming around to d, where they join hands 
again. 

Fig. 150. Disjoin hands at a, ladies turning to the 
right and gentlemen to the left. At h the gentlemen 
pass to the outside of the ladies, as indicated by 
Arrow 4, while the ladies go on around to c, as indi- 
cated by x\rrow 1. At c the gentlemen pass again to 
the outside of the ladies, going on around, as indicated 
by Arrow 3, while the ladies go on around towards h, as 
indicated by xirrow 2. At d the gentlemen pass behind 
their respective partners, coming around on the middle 
line in the direction indicated by Arrow 7, while the 
ladies come around on the outside line in the direction 
of Arrow o. At e the ladies pass to the outside in the 
direction of Arrow 6, while the gentlemen pass to the 
inside, as indicated bv the inside line and Arrow 8. 
At h the ladies pass again to the outside, as indicated 
by the middle line, and in the direction of Arrow 5, 
while the gentlemen come around on the middle line 
in the direction of Arrow 7. Ladies and gentlemen 
meet at / and join hands. 

Fig. 151. Disengage hands at a, ladies turning 
to the right and gentlemen to the left. At h the gen- 



78 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

tlemen pass on the inside of the ladies, going around 
towards e, as indicated by Arrow 2, while the ladies go 
towards /, as indicated by Arrow 7. The gentlemen 
come on around in the direction of Arrow 1, and the 
ladies in the direction of Arrow 8. The gentlemen 
meet the ladies at h, and pass on in the direction of 
Arrow 6, while the ladies go around towards e^ as indi- 
cated by Arrow 3. The ladies come on around in the 
direction of Arrow 4, and meet and pass the gentlemen 
at h. The gentlemen come around in the direction of 
Arrow 6, while the ladies come around as indicated by 
Arrow 5. Ladies and gentlemen turn in at /, towards 
c, and join hands at c. 

Fig. 152. Ladies and gentlemen separate at a, 
ladies turning to the right and gentlemen to the left. 
The gentlemen pass behind their respective partners 
at h, but instead of going in the direction of Arrow 7, 
they go in the direction of Arrow 4 ; and the ladies, in- 
stead of going in the direction of Arrow 5, go in the 
direction of Arrow 3. The gentlemen pass behind 
their respective partners again at c, and take the same 
direction again with which they started out, as indi- 
cated by Arrow 1, while the ladies also take the same 
direction with which they started out, as indicated by 
Arrow 2. The gentlemen again pass behind their 
respective partners at d, taking the direction of Ar- 
row 5, while the ladies take the direction of Arrow 6. 
The gentlemen again pass behind their respective 
partners at h, coming around again in the direction of 
Arrow 7, and the ladies in the direction of Arrow 8. 
Ladies and gentlemen then turn in and join hands at e. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 79 

Fig. 153. Let the capital letters represent the gen- 
tlemen and the small letters represent the ladies. 
Then let a pass in front of A around to F, as indicated, 
and at the same time let A pass behind a around to/. 
Then in the same manner let b pass around to E, and 
B pass around to e. And then in the same manner c 
goes around to D and C around to d, and so on. Then 
it will be found there are two rows of couples with the 
ladies on the left. Then let the first couple in the row 
on the right fall in behind the first couple in the row 
on the left, and the second couple on the right fall in 
behind the second couple on the left, and so on, until 
there is only one row, as represented in Pig. 154. 
Then c passes in front of D around to (7, and at the 
same time D passes behind c to d; and while the first 
two couples are thus exchanging for their original part- 
ners, the second and third couples are also exchanging 
in the same manner. Then A a lead off, Ff falling in 
behind Aa and Ee behind Bh, etc. 

Fig. 155. Ladies and gentlemen form a circle with 
hands disjoined. The ladies stand still while the gen- 
tlemen pass in and out among the ladies as represented 
by the waved line in the illustration. The dots rep- 
resent the ladies. When the gentlemen come around 
to their original position, they stand still, while the 
ladies skate in and out among them in the opposite 
direction from which the gentlemen skated. When the 
ladies come around to their original position, they do 
not stop, but continue in the same manner while the 
gentlemen again pass in and out as they did at first. 



80 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

This last is very much like the " Grand right and left " 
in a quadrille ; and right here we will state that many 
of the dance figures may be performed very pleasingly 
on skates. When the lead couple meet again they 
leave the circle and start off on some other figure and 
the other couple follow. 

The object of the lead couple should be to make the 
march as varied as the ability of the participants will 
allow. This may be done by varying the step and 
stroke, by varying the manner of taking partners' 
hands as given in the eight positions, and by varying 
the figures. Where the size of the rink will admit, the 
long roll alternating sides in a plain forward move- 
ment is very fascinating to the participants and beau- 
tiful to the spectators. 

It is not necessary to give any further movements 
or figures to be performed in a march, as the lead 
couple with a little ingenuity may arrange them with- 
out end. 

THE MAY-POLE. 

This is a very pretty performance, and always at- 
tracts a large audience. As many different colored 
ribbons are fastened at the top of the pole as there are 
skaters who take part in twining them about the pole. 
Fig. 160 is the figure movement used in the twining of 
the ribbons. The twining of the ribbons should be 
preceded by a march of indefinite length. 

THE MASQUERADE. 

When properly conducted, the masquerade is very 
interesting to all. Masquers should all be required to 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 81 

raise their masques at the door, so that all objectiona- 
ble characters may be excluded. If a certain clique 
wish to masque and skate with only members of 
the clique without knowing their identity, an em- 
blem of membership may be chosen beforehand, such 
as a blue ribbon on the right arm, etc. 

Besides the foregoing, there are many other amus- 
ing performances on skates, such as the potato race, 
where each contestant is required to take from a row 
of potatoes one at a time and put them in a basket at 
the other end of the room. Then there is a tourna- 
ment where the contestants are provided with long 
poles with which they take rings suspended about four 
feet above their heads. Foot-ball on rollers creates 
much amusement. 



THE FIGURE EIGHTS. 

The figure eights are all obtained from field move- 
ments, as will be readily perceived by the following ex- 
amples : 

Fig. 156 shows how it is obtained from the plain for- 
ward roll, and also how it should be practiced. Grad- 
ually learn to curve each roll more and more until a 
complete circle is performed on either foot readily. 
This, then, is the plain forward eight on the outside. 
It is learned on the inside in the same manner, curv- 
ing each stroke more and more until a complete, or 
rather in this particular case not quite complete circle 
is made on either foot. 



82 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

Fig. 157 shows how the eight is obtained from the 
serpentine roll, either on two feet or one foot. 

Fig. 158 shows how it is obtained from flying turns. 
Fig. 159 shows how it is obtained from flying whirls. 

With these few examples we think the reader will 
understand how to perform a figure eight obtained 
from almost any and every field movement. This is 
the secret of the many pretty figure eights which pro- 
fessional experts perform. It will be observed that by 
following out this principle of manufacturing or in- 
venting the figure eights that there is almost no limit 
to the variations of this figure. 

Fig. 160 is the plain outside forward. 

Fig. 161 is the plain inside forward. 

Fig. 162 is the two-foot serpentine, left foot leading. 

Fig. 163 is the two-foot serpentine, right foot lead- 
ing on one circle and left leading on the other circle. 

Fig. 164 is the guide-foot eight, outside. 

Fig. 165 is the pivot-foot eight, inside. 

Fig. 166 is the flying turn eight. 

Fig. 167 is the flying turn grapevine eight. 

Fig. 168 is the flying whirl eight. 

Fig. 169 is the one-foot change of roll eight, contin- 
uous. 

Fig. 170 is the flying three on right foot and then 
on left foot. 

Fig. 171 is the plain outside backward eight. 

Fi'g. 172 is the plain inside backward eight. 

Fig. 173 is the change of roll on right foot to be 
followed by change of roll on left foot. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 83 

Fig. 174 is the cross roll eight, forward. 

Fig. 175 is the cross roll eight, backward. 

Fig. 176 is the change of roll eight, starting on the 

inside of each foot. 

Fig. 177 is the halt-foot eight with lap-foot back. 

Fig. 178 is the reverse-foot at a and lap-foot front 
at h. 

Fig. 179 is the toe whirl eight with balance foot 
swung back as indicated by the dotted lines. 

Fig. 180 is the one-foot change of roll eight, with 
hop. 

Fig. 181 is the one-foot change of roll eight, with 
two hops. 

Fig. 182 is the one-foot dumb-bell eight. 

Fig. 183 is the one-foot dumb-bell eight, with one 
hop. 

Fig. 184 is the one-foot dumb-bell eight, with two 
hops. 

the combination eights. 

These are the prettiest of all combination move- 
ments, and require more precision and ability than is 
usually found in most skaters, especially ladies. 

The plain forward outside roll is performed as a 
figure eight, as illustrated in Fig. 185. The gentleman 
cuts a small circle while the lady cuts the large one, 
and the lady cuts the small circle while the gentleman 
cuts the smaller one. The light lines represent the 
lady's strokes. 

Fig. 186. This is obtained from the long roll alter- 
nating sides. The light lines represent the lady's 



84 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

strokes. It may be performed with the lady on the 
outside or inside. 

Fig. 187. This is performed without joining hands 
at all. The gentleman, whom we will call A, and the 
lady, whom we wi]^ x3all B, take a standing position, as 
indicated at a and b. A cuts circle 1 on the right foot 
while B cuts circle 2 on the right foot. At x each 
passes to the left of the other. Then A cuts circle 2 
on the left foot and B cuts circle 1 on the left foot, and 
then at x they pass to the right of each other, etc. 

Fig. 188. Let A cut circle 1 while B cuts circle 3, 
both on the right foot, in the direction of Arrows 1 and 
2, respectively. Then let x\ cut circle 2 on the left foot 
in the direction of Arrow 3, and B cut the same circle 
on the left foot, as indicated by Arrow 4. Then A cuts 
circle 1 again while B cuts circle 3 again, etc. While 
A and B are cutting circle 2 they may join left hands 
until the circle is completed. 

Fig. 189. Let A and B cut circles 1 and 3 as in Fig. 
188, and let C and D cut circles 4 and 5 while A and 
B are cutting circles 1 and 3, all on the right foot. 
Then let A and B cut circle 2, during which they join 
left hands, and at the same time C and D cut circle 2, 
joining hands in like manner. Then A and B and C 
and D cut circles 1, 3, 4, and 5 simultaneously, as at 
first, etc. This may be varied by having A and B cut 
circles 1 and 3 while C and D are cutting circle 2, and 
then A and B cut circle 2 while C and D cut circles 4 
and 5, etc. 

Let A cut circle 1 and B cut circle 3, as in Fig. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 85 

188, and then proceed to circle 2, as in Fig. 188, also, 
but instead of A going back to circle 1 and B to circle 
3, A goes only to circle 5 and B to circle 4. A and B 
then cut circles 4 and 5 in the same manner as they 
cut circles 1 and 3. Then after cutting circle 2 again, 
A goes to circle 3 and B to circle 1, and so on until A 
comes back to circle 1 and B comes back to circle 3. 
This figure may be performed by four persons. 

Fig. 190. Let A and B cut circles 1 and 3 as in 
Fig. 188, and C and D cut circles 3 and 4 in like man- 
ner, while E and F cut circles 3 and 6, and G and H 
cut circles 3 and 9, also in like manner. Then let A 
and B cut circle 2 with left hands joined, while C and 
D cut circle 4 also with left hands joined, and E and 
F cut circle 7, and Gr- and H circle 8 at the same time 
and in the same manner. Then each skater cuts his 
or her original circle as at first. 



THE EXPERT^S EXHIBITION. 

There are now a great many amateur as well as pro- 
fessional exhibition skaters, while several years ago 
they were only to be seen in the larger cities. A few 
suggestions to those who are just starting out may not 
be amiss : 

1. Proceed from the simpler figures to the more 
difficult ones. 

2. Have your movements programmed and com- 
mitted to memory. 



86 Henley's manual of roller skating. I 

I 

i 

3. Do not try to give all the variations of any one \ 
general figure or theme. \ 

4. Figures with a whirl or spin are generally more 
showy than many more difiicult figures which have ' 
only a plain movement. 

5. Never repeat a movement in the same exhibi- j 
tion. . I 

6. Do not try some movement only half learned. | 

7. Don't always think you are the best skater pres- | 
ent and act accordingly. | 

The exhibition skater may introduce many novel 
features, according to his fancy and proficiency, such 
as cutting the figure eights with a chair in each circle, 
or perform the interlacing serpentine with wine glasses 
in a row as indicated by the dots in Fig. 191, etc. Skat- 
ing on stilts is quite a difficult feat, and always takes 
well. The hand-spring is another good performance ; 
also skating with the skates entirely unfastened. 



LIST OF MOVEMENTS. 

The following list comprises most all the movements 
known to professional skaters. Those in Italic type 
are explained and illustrated in the preceding chapter, 
while the others will be readily understood from previ- 
ous explanations of principles and variations, and from 
the connection they have to those in Italic type. Flat- 
foot is understood, except where otherwise stated. 





henlby's manual of roller skating. 


87 




PLAIN SINGLE. 




Plain forward outside roll. Fig. 26. 




Plain forward inside roll. Fig. 28. 




Lapfoot circle to the left. Fig. 29. 




Lap foot circle to the right. Fig. 30. 






FANCY SINGLE. 






CONTINUOUS TWO-FOOT FIELD MOVEMENTS. 






SKUTiTiS. 




1. 


Forward. Fig. 31. 




2. 


Fig. 32. 




3. 


Fig. 33. 




4. 


Backward. Fig. 31. 




5. 


Fig. 32. 




6. 


Fig. 33. 




7. 


Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 6, on heels. 




8. 


" " " " " " on toes. 




9. 


" " " " " " on right heel and left toe. 


10. 


" " " " " " on left heel and right toe. 




SERPENTINE. 




11. 


Forward, right foot leading. Fig. 34. 




12. 


left " 




13. 


Backward, right foot leading. 




14. 


left 




15. 


Nos. 11, 12, 13, and 14 on heels. 




16. 


" " " " " " on toes. 




17. 


" " " " " " on rt. heel and 1ft. 


toe. 


18. 


" " " " " " on 1ft. heel and rt. 


toe. 



88 Henley's manual of roller skating. 



ZIGZAGS. 

19. To the right. Fig. 35. 

20. '' left. 

spread-eagles. 

21. Straight, right foot leading. Fig. 36. 

22. Inside, right foot leading. 

23. Outside, '' " 

24. Straight, left '' 

25. Inside, " '\ 

26. Outside, " " 

27. Nos. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 on heels, 

28. " " '' " " " ''' " on toes. 

29. '' '' '' " " " '' " on r. h. and 1. 1. 

30. '' '' '' " " '' " " onl. h.andr. t. 

31. Nos. 21 to 30, inclusive, with serpentine move- 
ment. 

GUIDE-FOOT ROLLS. 

32. Forward, with toe-guide. Fig. 37. 

33. Backward, " " Fig. 38. 

34. Forward, with heel-guide. Fig. 37. 

35. Backward, '' '' Fig. 38. 

36. Nos. 32, 33, 34, and 35 on toes. 

' 37. '' '' " '' '' " on heels. 

38. '' ''' " '' '' " on r. heel and 1. toe. 

39. '' " '' '' '' '' on 1. heel and r. toe. 

40. Nos. 32 and 39, inclusive, inside and outside. 

41. Promenade step, forward, with toe-guide. Fig. 40. 

42. " '' '' " heel-guide. 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 



89 



43. 

44. 
45. 
46. 



Promenade step, backward, with toe-guide. 

" heel-guide. 
Nos. 41, 42, 43, and 44 on toes. 

' on heels. ■ 



i( a a is i( t< 



47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 
51. 
62. 



58. 

54. 
55. 
66. 
67. 
58. 
59. 
60. 
61. 



PIVOT-FOOT BOLLS. 

Forward, inside, with toe-pivot. Fig. 41, 

Backward, " 

Forward, " " heel-pivot. 

Backward, " 

Forward, outside, with toe-pivot. 

Backward, " 



MERCURIES. 

Forward, right foot leading, on toes. 

left 

right 

left 

right 

right 

left 

left 
All Mercuries backward 



on heels. 

(< - 

on r. h. and 1. t. 
on 1. h. and r. t. 
on r. h. and 1. 1. 
on 1. h. and r. t. 



FLYING TURNS. 



62, 
63, 



64, 

65, 



Turning to the right. Fig. 42, 
" left. 



FLYING WHIRLS. 



Turning to the right on toes. Fig. 46. 
" lejt " Fig. 46. 



90 Henley's manual of roller skating. 



66. Turning to the right on heels. 



67, 
68. 
69, 
70. 
71, 



left 

right on right heel and left toe. 
right on left heel and right toe. 
left on right heel and left toe. 
left on left heel and right toe. 



FLYING TURN GRAPEVINES. 

72. Single, facing right. Fig 47. 

73. '' " " interlacing. Fig. 48. 

74. '' " left. 

75. " '' *' interlacing. 

76. Double, with compound curve, forward. Fig. 50. 

77. " " " '' backward. " 

78. Double. Fig. 53. 

79. All flying turn grapevines on toes. 

80. " " " " on heels. 

81. " " " " r. heel and 1. toe. 

82. " '' '' '' 1. heel and r. toe. 

83. All flying turn grapevines with interlacing 
compound curves. 

84. All flying turn grapevines with whirls. 

FLYING WHIRL GRAPEVINES. 

85. Single on toes, interlacing. Fig. 55. 

86. Double, '' " Fig. 56. 

87. Single, on heels, '' 

88. Double, on heels, '' 

89. Single, on right heel and left toe. 

90. ** on left heel and right toe. 

91. Double on right heel and left toe. 

92. *' on left heel and right toe. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 91 

ONE-FOOT CONTINUOUS FIELD MOVEMENTS. 
SERPENTINES. 

93. Right foot forivard, balance foot swinging in 
front. Fig. 57. 

94. Right foot forward, balance foot swinging back. 
Fig. 57. 

95. Right foot forward, balance foot resting on toe. 

96. '' '' " " '' '' on heel. 

97. Left foot forward, balance ft. swinging in front. 

98. " " '' " " '' back. 

99. '' '' " '' " resting on toe. 

100. " " " " '' " " heel. 

101. Eight foot backw'd, bal. foot swinging in front. 

102. '' " " " " " back. 
_103. '' " " " " resting on toe. 

104. " " " " " " " heel. 

105. Left foot backward, bal. foot swinging in front 

106. '\ " " " '' " back. 

107. '' " " " '' resting on toe. 

108. '' '' " " " " " heel. 

109. • Nos. 94, 98, 102 and 106 on toes. 

110. " " " " " " " heels. 

ZIGZAGS. 

111. Right Joot to the right. Fig. 58. 

112. '' '' " left. 

113. Left foot to the right. 

114. " " " left. 



92 Henley's manual of eoller skating. 

flying theees. 

115. Right foot, starting fonvard on the inside. 
Fig. 59. 

116. Right foot, starting forward on the outside. 
Fig. 60. 

117. Left foot, starting forward on the inside. 
Fig. 61. 

118. Left foot, starting forward on the outside. 

LOCOMOTIVES. 

119. Right foot leading, continuous. Fig. 62. 

120. " '' " broken. Fig 63. 

121. Left foot leading, continuous. 

122. '' '' '' broken. 

123. Alternating right and left at each fourth step. 
Fig. 64. 

124. All Locomotives backward. Fig. 65. 

125. Alternating forward and backward. Fig. 66, 

126. Nos. 119 to 125, inclusive, on toes. 

127. '' " '' " '' '' heels. 

128. '' '' " '•' " '' r. heel andl. toe. 

GRAPEVINES. 

130. Single, facing right. Fig. 67. 

131. " '' left. Fig. 68. 

132. Double, with two turns, compound curve for- 
ward. Fig. 69. 

133. Double, with two turns, compound curve back- 
ward. Fig. 69. 

134. Double, with three turns. Fig. 70. 



I 


Henley's manual of eoller skating. 93 


BROKEN TWO-FOOT FIELD MOVEMENTS. 


135. 


Plain outside roll, backward. Fig. 72. 


136. 


" inside " " Fig. 74. 




CHANGES OF ROLL. 


137. 


Forward, starting on the inside. Fig. 75. 


138. 


Backward, " " " " 


139. 


Forward, starting on the outside. Fig. 76. 


140. 


Backward, " " " 


141. 


Forward, " right foot inside, left foot 


outside. 


Fig. 77. 


142. 


Backward, starting right foot inside, left foot 


outside. 




143. 


Forward, starting left foot inside, right foot 


outside. 




144. 


Backward, starting left foot inside, right foot 


outside. 




145. 


All changes of roll with toe whirl. 


146. 


" " " heel " 


147. 


" " " lap-foot front. 


148. 


a u » « ^ack. 


149. 


" " " halt-foot. 


150. 


" " " " " extra push. 


151. 


" " " polka step. 




CROSS ROLLS. 


152. 


Forward, outside, lap-foot front. Fig. 78. 


163. 


back. 


154. 


inside, " front. Fig. 80. 


155. 


back. Fig. 79. 



94 


Henley's manual of rollee skating. 


156. 


Backward, outside lap-foot front. Fig. 81. 


157. 


hack. Fig. 82. 


158. 


inside " front. Fig. 83. 


159. 


" ' hack. Fig. 84. 


160. 


All cross rolls with extra push. 


i 161. 


" " " " polka step. 


162. 


" " " " halt foot. 


i 


extra push rolls. 


163. 


1 

Forivard, outside. Fig. 85. 


164. 


'* inside. 


165. 


Backtuard, outside. -Fig. 86. 


166. 


'* inside. 




POLKA STEP ROLLS. 


i 167. 


Forward, plain. Fig. 87. i 


! 168. 


Backward, plain. 


169. 


Forward, with kq^Joot front, No, 1. Fig. 88. 


170. 


'' 2. Fig. 89. 


171. 


(( (( a <( ^^9 1 


172> 


" back, " 1. I 


173. 


cs c( a a a O 


174. 


(( a (( (S '^ S 


175. 


Nos. 169 to 174, inclusive, backward. 


176. 


Forward, ivith toe whirl, balance foot front. 


177. 


a ii h?.(i\. 


178. 


" heel whirl, '' " front. 


179. 


c. c, cc .. cc l^^^]^^ 


180. 


Nos. 176, 177, 178, and 179 backward. 


181. 


Forward, with halt-foot on second heat. \ 


182. 


\i u tl^ij.^ u 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 95 

183. Backward, with halt-foot on second beat. 

184. '' '' " " third " 

185. Forward, with reverse-foot on second beat. 

186. " " " " " third 

187. Backward, with reverse-foot on second beat. 

188. All polka step rolls on the inside. 

HALT-FOOT ROLLS. 

189. Vlam forward^ outside. 



190. 






" with extra push. 


191. 






" with lap ft. hack. Fig. 90 


192. 






inside. 


193. 






" with extra push. 


194. 






" lap-foot back. 


195. 


Backward, outside, lap-foot front. 



REVERSE-FOOT ROLLS. 

196. Spread Eagle with outside roll. Fig. 97. 

197. '' " '' inside roll. 

198. Cut-off front, facing left. Fig. 98. 

199. " " " right. 

200. " back, '' left. Fig. 99. 

201. " '' " right. 

202. Cut-off front, alternating rt. and Ift. Fig. 100. 

203. " back, " right and left. 

204. T)ie Dizzy, turning to the left. Fig. 101. 

205. " '' '' " right. 

206. Tlfie Toe-turn Reverse-foot, turning to the left. 
Fig. 102. 

207. The Toe-turn Eeverse-foot, turning to the right 

208. Pivot Reverse foot, turning to the left. 



96 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

209. Pivot reverse-foot, turning to the right. 

210. Nos. 204, 205, 206 and 207 alternating right 
and left. 

211. Nos. 202, 203, and 210 with toe whirls. 

212. '' '' '' '' " '' heel whirls. 

213. Nos. 198, 199, 200, 201, 202 and 203 with polka 
step, facing right. 

214. Nos. 198, 199, 200, 201, 202 and 203 with polka 
step,^facing left. 

215. Nos. 198, 199, 200, 201, 202 and 203 with polka 
step, alternating right and left. 

216. Nos. 202, 203, 210 and 215 with toe whirls at 
end of alternating stroke. 

217. Nos. 202, 203, 210 and 215 with heel whirls at 
end of alternating stroke. 

218. Nos. 202, 203, 210 and 215 with halt-foot whirls 
at end of alternating stroke. 

219. Nos. 202, 203, 210 and 215 with lap-foot whirls 
at end of alternating stroke. 

TOE WHIRL ROLLS. 

220. Forward outside, balance foot back. Fig. 103. 

221. '' '' '' " front. 

222. '' inside '' '' back. 

223. " '' '' " front. 

224. Backward outside, balance foot back. 

225. '' '' '' " front. 

226. '' inside, '' '' back. 

227. " '' " '' front. 

HEEL WHIRL ROLLS. 

228. Same variations as toe whirl rolls. Fig. 104. 



Henley's manual of bollee skating. 97 




FLYING THREES. 


229. 


Forward, starting inside. Fig. 105. 


230. 


outside. Fig. 106. 


231. 


Backward, starting inside. Fig. 107. 


232. 


Fig. 108. 


233. 


outside. Fig. 109. 


234. 


Fig. 110. 


235. 


With toe or heel whirls at end of each three. 


BROKEN ONE-FOOT FIELD MOVEMENTS. 




CHANGES OP ROLL. 


236. 


Forward, starting inside. Fig. 111. 


237. 


outside. 


238. 


" " alternately. 


239. 


Backward, starting inside. 


240. 


" " outside. 


241. 


" " alternating. 


242. 


Nos. 236, 237, and '238, with toe turn. 


243. 


Nos. 239, 240, and 241, with heel turn. 


244. 


Nos. 239, 240, and 241, with toe whirls. 


245. 


Nos. 236, 237, and 238, with heel whirls. 


246. 


Nos. 236 to 246, inclusive, on the other foot. 




TOE WHIRL ROLLS. 


247. 


Forward, outside. 


248. 


" • inside. 




PLYING THREES. 


249. 


Sta/rting forward inside on right foot. Fig. 113. 


250. 


" " " " Fig. 114. 



98 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

251. Starting forward inside on left foot. 

252. '' " outside on right foot. 

253. '' '' " '' left foot. 

HOP ROLLS. 

254. Forward, outside. Fig. 115. 

255. '' inside. 

256. Backward, outside. 

257. '' inside. 

FANCY SINGLE FIGURES. 
CIRCLES. 

258. Lap-foot forward, to the right. Fig. 30. 

259. '' " " " left. Fig. 29. 

260. '' backward to the right. 

261. '' " '' '' left. 

262. Cut-off front, to the right, tvithface to the cen- 
ter. Fig. 116. 

263. Cut-off front, to the right, ivith hack to the center. 

264. '' " " left, " face " 

265. '' " '' '' " back '' 

266. Cut-off back, to the right, with face to the 
center. 

267. Cut-off back, to the right, with back to the 
center. 

268. Cut-off back, to the left, with face to the center. 

269. " ' '' '' '' " back '' 

270. Facing one ivay to the right. Fig. 118. 

271. '' '' '' left. 

272. One foot circle to the right, outside, forward. 
Fig. 119. 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 



99 



273. One foot circle to the right, inside, forward. 

274. '* '' '' " outside, backward. 

275. '' '' '' '' inside, 

276. '' *' '' left, outside, forward. 

277. '' " " " inside 

278. *' *' '' " outside, backward. 

279. " '' '' '' inside, 

280. All one foot circles with the other foot. 

281. Zigzag circle to the right, hack to center. 
Fig. 120. 

282. Zigzag circle to the left, back to center. 

283. '' " " right, face to " 

284. '' " " left, 

285. Flying ivhirl circle to the right. Fig. 121. 

286. '' " " '' left. 

THREES. 

287. Right foot starting forward on the outside. 
Fig. 122. 

288. Eight foot starting forward on the inside. 

289. Left '' " '' '' outside. 

290. " '' '' " '' inside. 

291. Eight foot starting backward on the outside. 

292. '' " '' " '' inside. I 

293. Left " " '' " outside. I 

294. " '' '' '' '' inside. I 

295. Pivot foot threes, startiiig on left foot inside. 
Fig. 123. 

296. Pivot-foot threes, starting on right foot inside. 

297. Pivot-foot threes, backward. 



100 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 



298. Lock-foot threes, starting on right foot outside. 
Fig. 124. 

299. Lock-foot threes, starting on left foot outside. 

300. Lock-foot threes, backward. 

301. Cut-off threes, reverse joot front, starting right 
foot outside. Fig. 125. 

302. Cut-off threes, reverse foot front, starting 
left foot outside. 

303. Cut-off threes, reverse foot back, starting 
right foot outside. 

304. Cut-off threes, reverse foot back, starting 
left foot outside. 

FIVES. 

305. Right foot, starting forward inside. 



306. 


ii ii 


** " outside. 


307. 


a (( 


'' backward inside. 


308. 


ii ii 


'' *' outside. 


309. 


Left " 


'' forward inside. 


310. 


(( (( 


'' *^ outside. 


311. 


(( ii 


*^ backward inside. 


312. 


ii ii 


" '' outside. 

SQUARES. 



313. Continuous two foot. Fig. 131. 

314. '' one-foot. 

315. Broken one-foot. Fig. 129. 

316. '' '' Fig. 128. 

HEXAGONS. 

317. Broken one-foot, on right foot. Fig. 130. 

318. '' '' '' left '' 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 101 

319. Continuous, right foot. 

320. '' left '' 

SPLITS. 

321. Forward on flat foot. 

322. Backward on flat foot. 

323. Forward on toes. 

324. Backward on toes. 

325. Forward on heels. 

326. Backward on heels. 

327. Forward on right heel and left toe. 

328. " '' left " '' right toe. 

329. Backward on right heel and left toe. 

330. '' '' left '' '' right toe. 

331. Forward and backward, combined, to make 
interlacing. Fig. 134. 

332. Forward and backward, combined, to make 
interlacing. Fig. 135. 

SCISSORS. 

333. Straight, with half -whirl at one end. Fig. 135. 

334. '' " '' in middle. Fig. 136. 

335. Interlacing. Fig. 137. 

336. Variation.' Fig. 138. 

337. Nos. 332, 333, 334, 335, on flat foot. 

338. " '' " '' " '' toes. 

339. " '' '' '' " " heels. 

340. '' '' '' " " '' r. heel and 1. toe. 

341. " '' " '' '' '' 1. heel and r. toe. 



102 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 



342. 
343. 
344. 
345. 
346. 
347. 
348. 
349. 
350. 
351. 
852. 
353. 
354. 
355. 
356. 
357. 
358. 
screw. 



SPINS. 

Both heels to the right. 

" left. 
" toes " right. 

" left. 
Eight heel and left toe to the right. 

Left heel and right toe to the right. 

" " " " " " left. 
Eight toe to the right. 

" " " left. 

" heel " right. 

" " " left. 
Left toe to the right. Fig. 141, 

" " " left. 

" heel " right. 

" " " left. 
Nos. 341 to 348, inclusive, performed as cork- 
Fig. 139. 




HENLEY^S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 103 



-^^^^6^^^^r^^ 



Figures of Movements, 



Following this are the Figures of Movements de- 
scribed in this work from pages 32 to 85, inclusive. 



-^^>^^^^f^k<- 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 



105 



<^ 



17 



,^ 



le 



8— & 



19 



20 




21 



^^ ^^ 



22 



o^c 



c^^ 



23 



24 



2S 





27 




106 Henley's manual of roller skating. 




HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 



107 





41 



Toe Turns Me el Turns 

42 




BJeelTurns 
44 




C 45 ^ 




108 Henley's manual of roller skating. 



JSeel 3km 

C J) 




Toe Turn 



I K 




49 










S5 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 



109 




55 



56 




87 



Toe Turn 



Toe Turn 




Fee I Turn 



foeTvrn Jfeel Turn Toe Torn 

S9 



Toe Turn HeelTurn 



Toe Turn 



aO 



110 Henley's manual of roller skating. 




114 Henley's manual op eoller skating. 



■^. 



M 



90 



'^ 



^•' 



ci:::). 



^^^. 



91 





-o^ "^"^ 



/•A V ^' V 




"5^ 




96 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 115 




Henley's manual of roller skating. 117 




HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 119 







;i28 



122 



JSO 




131 




a d 




f34 




a 



>^^>- 



135 



136 



120 Henley's manual oe roller skating. 




122 Henley's manual of roller skating, 



c 


y 


c 


}> 



m 




us. 




C^ 




^-^ 


'''^X.Af 










^e B^ 




A 


r 


C^ 






4/ 


Va-^ 









163 



154: 



155 



Henley's manual of roller skating, 123 





157 



r^: 




159 



J58 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 127 




CHAPTER X. 



A PROMINENT PASTOR'S OPINION OF 
ROLLER SKATING. 

As a people we are far behind our English cousins 
in our love for manly physical sports, and our American 
stock is so degenerating that many of our girls eannot 
skate a mile without contracting various disorders. 
Instead of denouncing the roller rinks, I take pleasure 
in stating that I consider them a means of grace. I 
skate myself, enjoy it heartily, and only regret my lack 
of leisure which prevents my devoting more time to 
this exhilarating pastime. In my judgment a minister 
can find no better preparation for his Sunday work 
than to take his wife and children to the rink on Sat- 
urday night and skate about with the young people of 
his congregation until half past nine o'clock. It will 
clarify his mind, make him elastic, and put him in 
good bodily trim for the Sabbath. Moreover, it will 
give him a good sweat, which latter is an excellent 
thing for the clergy. My diagnosis as touching the 
average minister is that he eats too much, and does 
not take sufficient exercise. Consequently he is in- 
clined to regard the world from the standpoint of a 
dyspeptic, and not as a red-blooded, vigorous Anglo- 
Saxon. Some ministers complain that the rinks have 
affected their audiences for the worse. They have not 
diminished my audiences in the least. Contrariwise, 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 129 



they were never so large as at present. My opinion is 
that any church which condemns so morally harmless 
and physically beneficent an amusement as roller 
skating, is doing its best to alienate the young people 
and beget in them a dislike for churches in general. 
If our churches would secure the sympathies and affec- 
tions of the young, they must put away all prudery, 
and take a hearty interest in all forms of innocent and 
healthful diversion. There are some amusements upon 
which the devil has not as yet placed his poisonous 
fingers, and roller skating is one of them. It is far 
better for church people to patronize this form of 
amusement, and maintain it in its present innocence 
and purity, than to turn the cold shoulder upon it and 
give it over wholly into the hands of Satan. Eightly 
does the church frown upon such pleasures as are 
vicious and corrupting, but why this wholesome, re- 
fined, and aesthetic amusement should meet with min- 
isterial disapprobation is beyond my power of compre- 
hension. — Eev. John L. Scudder, pastor of the First 
Congregational Church, Minneapolis. 



AN EMINENT PHYSICIAN'S OPINION. 

In a letter on the subject from one of the most 
eminent physicians of this country, he says : Nothing 
has ever taken with our best citizens as roller skating 
has done, and nothing ever set on foot for the amuse- 
ment and physical improvement of young people is 
more worthy of encouragement. EoUer skating is just 



130 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

the thing wanted by our young people, especially the 
ladies. It affords just the sort of exercise they require 
for their physical development — gentle, but active, 
and so attractive they can not resist it. It is my de- 
liberate opinion that no conception has ever entered 
the human mind, in this century, so important to the 
health of ladies in our cities as, this skating within 
doors. Nothing could exceed it in grace. No sight I 
have ever beheld is so beautiful as a roller skating 
rink, with its tastefully dressed young men and ladies 
sailing, swimming, floating through the mazes of the 
march, as if impelled by magic power. The old people 
assemble nightly to witness .the sight, apparently as 
much delighted as their children. All honor, I say, to 
the inventor of roller skates. Long may he live. 
The children will rise up and bless his name. 



WHAT BISHOP McTYEIR SAYS: 

Allow me to commend to you and your readers the 
EoUer Skating. It can — it should— substitute danc- 
ing as an exercise and amusement for the young 
people of both sexes. It furnishes in-door graceful, 
lively exercise, both muscular and nejvous excitement, 
and leaves no excuse for dancing. I wish there was a 
skating rink in every village and boarding school. — 
Letter to Christian Advocate, April 7th, 1870. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 131 



ROLLER SKATING AND MENTAL HEALTH. 



BY DR. T. L. BROWN, OF BINGHAMTON, N. Y. 



[ Read at Forty-Second Anniversary American Institute of Homoe- 
opathy, June, 1885.] 

Observation and comparison, with a view to cor- 
rectly determine the good and evil upon all classes, 
compel me to decide in favor of roller skating for 
those who, by their increased mental work, are deprived 
of the necessary muscular exercise. It is a prescrip- 
tion a physician can take himself without fearing to 
soon share the same fate of his drugged patient, who 
needed exercise more than medicine. I have been 
summering and wintering on roller skates. I have 
been on the wheels two hundred and fifty times. I 
have seen fifty-five years of life — thirty years in prac- 
ticing medicine before putting on the rollers. When 
I first saw young people roller skating I thought it 
seemed so easy. When I put them on, I soon discov- 
ered that I had not met with anything which could 
take the conceit out of me as fast as the easy-moving 
wheels. It took twenty evenings to learn to balance 
one hundred and ninety-six pounds in a manner so that 
those who observed me were not as often raising their 
faces with uncontrollable laughter. From that day to 
this I have been steadily gaining physical and mental 
control by this regular exercise. 



132 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

I last weighed two hundred and two pounds, mostly 
mere muscle, and correspondingly less carbon tissue. 
I took the exercise for health and amusement com- 
bined. I have never seen a year of as good nutrition 
and sound sleep as the past year, under the influence 
of roller skating. It is not a craze to the person who 
utilizes it for social amusement and health. People 
who have not tested the exercise are not wise on the 
subject. Whatever they say about it needs more cor- 
rection and criticism than skating. We should skate 
as we eat, sleep, or tell the truth, just for the utility 
and the improvement it will individually produce. 
The fittest men and women are daily doing this for the 
good and happiness it gives them and others. Tem- 
perance and exercise furnish evidence of individual 
mental health in those who practice both. Skating 
unites the body and mind more intimately than walk- 
ing or running, with less fatigue for a similar amount 
of effort. 



RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ROLLER 
SKATING RINKS. 

1. Skating begins with one stroke of the gong, 
and ceases at two strokes of the gong. 

2. No smoking allowed in or about the premises. 

3. Gentlemen will not soil the floor with tobacco, 
and others will not be permitted to do so. 

4. . Crowding, loud talking, or other rude or noisy 
demonstrations are forbidden. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 133 

5. In putting on skates, see that the buckles are 
upon the outside of the foot. 

6. No one should stand, even for a moment, upon 
the floor, within skating limits, or so as to obstruct the 
entrance to the surface or the view of others. 

7. Never cross the floor in passing to or from a 
seat ; always follow the direction of the skaters. 

8. Spitting, or throwing any substance whatever 
upon the floor is dangerous, and will not be permitted. 

9. Going up or down stairs with skates on is dan- 
gerous, and is strictly prohibited. 

10. No cane, stick, string, or other similar article 
should be taken upon the floor. 

11. In skating around the circuit all will observe 
a uniform direction, taking great care never to inter- 
fere with the movements of others. 

12. No skater should stop, even for an. instant, in 
the circuit, except to assist a lady. 

13. Pushing, tripping, racing, tagging, or taking 
hold of other's garments, or any dangerous actions, 
are strictly forbidden. 

14. Most falls occur from the feet being parallel 
with each other, or nearly so, as in this position one 
foot cannot check the movement of the other ; hence, 
before attempting to stand upon the skates, the begin- 
ner should place the heels together, with the feet at 
right angles in which position they should always he 
while getting up, sitting down, or standing upon skates. 

15. Skating by four, or more than two together, 



134 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

should be avoided, while skating in couples should be 
practiced as much as possible by all sufficiently ad- 
vanced, as there is no way in which a lady and gentle- 
man can make so graceful and attractive an appear- 
ance. 

16. On removing the skates, return them to the 
skate room, with the heel strap of one skate buckkd 
and tucked firmly into the buckle of the other skate, 
to prevent mismating. 

17. A cheerful compliance with the above, and a 
careful regard for the comfort and enjoyment of oth- 
ers, is respectfully requested. 

18. None but those known, or supposed by the 
management to be acceptable to a majority of the 
patrons, can be admitted and furnished with skates. 




CHAPTER XI. 



THE CELEBRATED HENLEY ROLLER SKATES. 
From the '^Manufacturers^ Becord.^^ 

The past year has been a very eventful one in the 
history of Eoller Skating. This attractive, healthful, 
and innocent recreation has taken such a firm and 
permanent hold on the American people that it is now 
fully recognized and established as the great National 
amusement. 

The demand for good Eoller Skates has been enor- 
mous, and far in excess of the supply thus far. This 
unprecedented demand has induced many persons to 
embark in their manufacture, and has resulted in 
throwing on the market a large number of cheap and 
worthless skates — most of them being poor imitations 
of the better class of goods, and consequently dealers, 
and most rink owners, have confined themselves to 
the purchase of skates made by the leading and older 
manufacturers, of which M. C. Henley, of Eichmond, 
Ind., stands preeminently foremost as the most widely- 
known and largest manufacturer in the world. 

We have heretofore noted in our columns that Mr. 
Henley has contributed more to the advancement of 
Eoller Skating than all others by introducing to the 
public the celebrated Monarch and Challenge Eoller 
Skates, the most durable and complete skates ever 
put on the market. Not less than one million pairs of 



136 Henley's manual of koller skating. 

the Henley Skates are in actual use in the various 
leading rinks of this and other countries, and the con- 
tinued and rapidly increasing demand for them attests 
their popularity and superiority. 

The elegant new factory building, erected by Mr. 
Henley last year, has proved totally inadequate for 
the trade, and he has been compelled to build a very 
large addition — making a brick building, in the aggre- 
gate, 50x250 feet, four stories in height, slate roofed, 
with a fine 75-horse power engine, and completely 
fitted with an immense amount of new and most ap- 
proved machinery. It has a capacity of turning out 
2,000 pairs of Eink Skates, and 500 pairs of Club 
Skates per day, and giving employment to 300 skilled 
and efficient workmen. 

A detailed description of the various kinds and 
styles of skates and skate goods manufactured at this 
famous establishment need not be given here, as their 
value, elegance of design and workmanship, durability, 
and general utility are too well known and acknowl- 
edged to require any commendation at our hands. 
Suffice it to say, that the Henley Skate leads the 
trade, and has been adopted on its merits, and is in 
general use in most of the Einks everywhere. It is 
quite a safe assertion that there are more of the 
Henley Skates in practical and successful use to-day 
than all others combined. 

Mr. Henley is constantly making valuable addi- 
tions and improvements on his skates and patents, and 
he will doubtless not only keep the manufacture of his 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 



137 



goods up to their present high standard, but will, also, 
if it is possible to do so, increase their efficiency and 
good qualities. He has recently perfected and placed 
on the market the new style skate, known as the 
"Monarch," having an encased rubber cushion, which 
has been received with great favor. He is also mak- 
ing an elegant expert skate for fancy and acrobatic 
skating, and racing. The Henley Sidewalk Skate has 
also been placed on the market, and is a superior skate 
of the kind. 

In concluding this very limited notice of the Hen- 
ley Skate, we wish to congratulate Mr. Henley on his 
great success in the past, and wish him continued and 
increased prosperity. 




138 Henley's manual of roller skating, 



Sender Cb Stamp 

For New^ 88-Page Illustrated Catalogue 

OF 

M. C.HENLEY'S 

MONARgH-^'EHALLENSE 

Roller Skates, 

Skate Sundries, 



manufactured by 



M. C. HENLEY, 

NEW FACTORY, Nos. 523 TO 533 NORTH SIXTEENTH ST., 

Richmond, Ind. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 139 



SEND 25 CENTS 

Henley's Official 

Polo Guide 




flaying ^l^les oi[ ^esteiin ^olc lieeiguES, 

AND NEW YORK, NEW ENGLAND, AND MASSACHUSETTS POLO LEAGUES, 

WITH FULL 

Information AND Instructions for Playing Polo. 



PUBLISHED BY 



Nos. 523 TO 533 North Sixteenth St., 
RICHMOND, IND. 



140 Henley's manual of koller skating. 

THE HENLEY 

ONARCH Koller Skate 





THE ONLY COMPLETELY BOXED RUBBER 
SKATE ON THE MARKET. 



PRESERVES THE RUBBER 

ABSOLUTELY FREE FROM OIL AND DIRT. 

THE PERFECT SKATE. 

THE EXPERT'S FAVORITE. 



The Culmination of Years of Study, Practical Experience, 
and Skatorial Skill. 



Send 4C. stamp for 88-page Catalogue of Monarch and 
Challenge Roller Skates, Rink Supplies, Skater's Outfits, Polo 
Goods, etc., etc. 

Nos. 523 to 533 North Sixteenth Street, 
RICHMOND, INDIANA, U.S. A. 




Henley's manual of roller skating. 141 

POINTS OF SUPERIORITY OF THE 

HENLEY 

onarch Roller ^kate 

I® 
OVER ALL OTHERS. 



By the use of rubber springs the requisite tilting or lateral motion 
is secured, and the skate is easily changed to suit a heavy or light per- 
son, and the skate will turn a two-foot circle, and all the wheels rest 
square on the floor. 

The rubber springs being completely boxed, are absolutely free from 
oil and dirt, and fully protected from w^ear. 

The truck and frame can be instantly removed by simply draw- 
ing back the coupling pin, which is held in position by a strong wire 
spring, and the rubber springs can be adjusted or replaced in a moment. 

By the use of a tension screw the skate is easily adapted to persons 
of heavy or light w^eight. 

The boxw^ood w^heels are provided with metal boxes, making the 
skate very light running and durable. It is admirably adapted to am- 
ateur and fancy skating, as the tension of the rubber springs can be 
graduated to suit any skater. 

It is symmetrical in its proportions, elegant in its style, of superior 
workmanship, strongand durable, and is 

THE MONAEOH KOLLEE SKATE OF THE WOELD. 



142 Henley's manual of roller skating. 



THE IMPROVED 



JJenley Qhallenge poller Skate. 




Over 500,000 PAIRS 



NOW IIS^ USE. 



This Light Running, Adjustable, Improved Roller 

Skate is Offered to the Public on Its 

Established Merit. 

•^Tlie Success of the Past, a Guarantee of tlje Future.-^- 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 143 



POINTS OF SUPERIORITY 



Jenley Challenge Skate 



OVER ALL OTHERS, 




By the use of rubber springs the requisite tilting or lateral motion 
is secured, and the skate is easily changed to suit a heavy or light 
person, and the largest skate will turn a two-foot circle, and all the 
wheels rest square on the floor. 

The truck and frame can be instantly removed by simply drawing 
back the coupling pin, which is held in position by a strong wire spring, 
and the rubber spring can be adjusted or replaced in a moment. The 
BOXWOOD WHEELS are provided with METAL BOXES, making 
the skate very light running and durable. It is admirably adapted to 
amateur and fancy skating, as the tension of the rubber spring can be 
graduated to suit any skater. 

It is symmetrical in its proportions, elegant in its style, of superior 
workmanship, strong and durable, and is 

The <3halleng-e Roller Skate of the^yyorld. 



144 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING. 




Henley's manual of roller skating. 145 



HENLEY'S 



Polo cincl qeimng S^ate. 



THE LATEST AND BEST. 



,HI8 light running and durable Skate combines 
all of the advantages of the celebrated Monarch 
and Challenge EoUer Skates, and is especially adapted 
and intended for Polo Playing and Speed Skating. 
By the addition of the stiffening rod the spring steel 
foot-board is strengthened to meet the demands of 
Polo, Speed, and Acrobatic Skaters, yet retaining a 
desirable elacticity, making the skate soft and easy to 
the foot. Fitted with roll-bearing wheels, the speed- 
iest skate in the market is secured, and this skate is 
ofifered to the public as the most complete and perfect 
Polo and Kacing Skate ever manufactured, combining 
greater points of beauty, finish, style, and durability 
than all others, and is sure to meet that favor and ap- 
proval its merits deserve. 



146 Henley's manual of koller skating, 



HENLEY 



^^^^f ;> 



POLO GOODS. 




No. 2. 



$1.00 Each 



HENLEY S MANUAL OF ROLLER SKATING, 



147 





No. 3. 



No. 4. 



HENLEY HENLEY 

Regulation Goal Posts. Regulation Stick. 



15.00 per Set 

of Four Posts. 



50 cts. each, 



148 Henley's manual of rollek skating. 



REGULATION 



-►^s^tes44^. 



CAGE GOALS 



r— ''-'^'Z/e^l 



Adopted and Used by all Clubs 
belonging to 

LEADING POLO LEAGUES. 



For prices and full particulars, address 

M. C. Henley, 



523 TO 533 NORTH SIXTEENTH STREET, 

Richmond, Ind. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 149 



Complete Uniforms 



FOR POLO OLUBS 



WORSTED, 

Consisting of Jersey, with one letter on breast ; Knee 
Tights, plain colors; Cap, with or without stripe; 
Stockings, fine quality. 

PRICE, PER UNIFORM, $10.00. 



FLANNEL, 

Consisting of Shirt, with one letter on breast ; Pants, 
Cap, Stockings, Double Buckle Belt. 

PRICE, PER UNIFORM, $9.00. 



WHEN ORDERING SUITS 

Please give full instructions in regard to measure- 
ments, colors, etc. 



Extra Fine Polo Caps; Fine Blue Oloth, with Gold 
Cord over top; each, $1.00. 



150 Henley's manual of roller skating, 



•?ea£ons^!(/hy 



THE 



HENLBY^fiOLLES* SkMES 



ARE THE BEST. 



FIRST. 



Because — They are easy-running, lisjht, neat, and dura- 
ble. 

SECOND. 

Because — They are made of the best material, are ele- 
gant in their proportions, and superior in style. 

THIRD . 

Because — By use of the pressure plate, they are easily 
adapted to persons of heavy or light weight. 

FOURTH. 



Because — Their wheels of Turkish boxwood, with Bab- 
bitt metal boxes, are far more durable and 
light -running, while every part is admirably in 
proportion, combining strength, durability, 
and symmetry. 

FIFTH . 

Because — They have been universally adopted when used 
in competition with any other style of skate, 
and stand unrivalled, and occupy the proud 
position of the Monarch and Challenge 
Roller Skates of the World ! 



Henley's manual op roller skating. 151 



Endorsement of Prof. Fletcher. 



i 



N a recent letter, containing an order for a pair of 
Skates each for himself and wife, for use on the stage, 
Professor Fletcher, who is acknowledged to be the 
best and most accomplished Roller Skater in the world, 
and whose wonderful, graceful, and phenomenal per- 
formances on Roller Skates have astonished and de- 
lighted vast audiences in Europe and America, says of 
the Henley Skate : 

"After having tried, I believe, every style and kind of 
Skate worthy of attention in this country and England, 
1 freely pronounce the Henley Skate to be far superior 
to them all, and will use no other hereafter. It is 
lighter running, quicker in movement, and in every re- 
spect better than any other. You have my unqualified 
and hearty endorsement for your valuable Skate, and I 
am under obligations to you for furnishing me with what 
I have been seeking, namely : a perfect, graceful, and 
scientific Skate, not only eminently fitted for finest per- 
formances on the stage, but also for all practical skating, 
and especially for use in public halls and Roller Skating 
Rinks. " 



152 Henley's manual of koller skating. 



©05 to 0rder (^©©et 



Terms, net cash on delivery of goods. Freight or Express charges 
always to be paid by the purchaser. 

Jl^'All goods sent C. O. D., unless the order is accompanied by P. 
O. Order, or Draft. When goods are to be sent C. O. D., one-third 
the amount must accompany the order. 

Jisr Always give name of Express Company you 
wisli g-oods shipped by. 

The Adams and United States are the only companies having offices 
in this city. These offices receive goods for all other Express Com- 
panies. 

Goods may also be sent by Freight, if desired, vi^hen the order is 
accompanied by one-third the amount. A draft for the balance will 
be attached to the bill of lading and sent to bank for collection, 
and upon payment of same the bill of lading will be delivered to the 
purchaser. 

It often occurs that goods shipped by freight are delayed in transit. 
To prevent such delays it is always best to ship by Express. 



SPECIAL NOTICE. 

J^®"! request that all parties ordering sundries, parts, repairs, etc., 
will send CASH IN ADVANCE, to prevent any delay caused 
by sending invoice. In making remittances always send P. O. Order, 
Ex. M. Order, or Draft. No checks will be accepted. 

J8®" No order amounting to less than TEN DOLIjARS will be 
filled unless accompanied by a remittance for the full amount. I do 
not wish to open any small accounts, as it causes such an amount of 
unnecessary and expensive detail. If too much money should be sent, 
the balance will be returned. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 153 



The Seven Ages of the Roller Skater. 



All the world's a rink, 
And all the men and women merely skaters ; 
They have their exits and their entrances ; 
And one man in his time plays many parts, 
His acts being seven stages : At first the ragged 
Urchin, rolling 'round the sidewalk on one skate, 
The terror of all the passers by. Then the 
Beginner, led around the maple with 
Awkward steps and sudden plunges, perspiration 
Streaming from his every pore, a sight to look upon. 
And then the callow youth, with cap on head 
Bearing the word "Instructor," in gilt letters, 
Whose duty 'tis, as he considers it, to skate 
With all the pretty girls, and leave the struggling 
Learners to themselves. Then comes the fancy skater, 
The Professor, who travels all the country 'round 
To fill engagements ; a tremendous hero — 
In his own estimation. And then the fair 
Young damsel, who glides around the floor as if 
It was her native element and roller 
Skating her usual mode of locomotion. 
Then the mature matron, with gold eye-glasses, 
Rolling around with stately dignity. 
Gazing with calm placidity upon 
The giddy throng. Last stage of all, that 
Ends this short nonsensicality, is 
Pater familias, or erst the "Governor," 
Who comes to bring the children, 
But, having been enticed to put on skates, 
Still comes, and comes, and comes again, 
And seems to like it. a. w. k. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 155 



HENLEY'S 






FEICl HICMIIl 




(^ 



PATENTED. 



►>^ 



PERFE6TiON ATTAINED AT LAST 



In a Fence Machine that any man or hoy 

can use, and make more and hetter 

fence in one day than with any 

other two machines in 

the world. 



156 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

I do not claim to have the only machine for weaving the 
wire and picket fence, as there are other machines in use 
which make the fence in strips or rolls of about 50 feet, and 
these are stretched from post to post and nailed up. The 
expense of such machines is beyond the reach of the 
average farmer, and beside this they cannot make a fence 
that will in any way compare with the fence made by the 
Monarch machine. There are other machines which at- 
tempt to make a fence somewhat similar to the Monarch, 
but they have proven worthless and are flat failures as com- 
pared with the Monarch, as will be fully shown by the 
following 

COMMON SENSE REASONS WHY 

the 

Henley Monapch Fence Machine 

Is the Best and Has No Equal. 

1. BECAUSE the wire is stretched the full length of the 

field before the weaving is commenced. 

2. BECAUSE any sized wire can be used, and with this 

advantage : using a large size wire, the strongest 
fence can be made. 

3. BECAUSE any size, length, or style of picket, or 

slat or board, can be used, weaving all equally 
firm and solid. 

4. BECAUSE the picket or slat can be woven in more 

firmly and solidly than in any other machine. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 157 

5. BECAUSE it will make a fence over rough and un- 

even ground, or up and down hill alike, making 
as good a fence as on even, level ground. 

6. BECAUSE the Monarch machine stretches the wire 

tighter, thus making the strongest and best wire 
and picket fence. 

7. BECAUSE any one can operate it, and there are no 

parts to get out of order or repair. 

8. BECAUSE a boy can work it as well as a man, it 

being light and easily managed. 

9. BECAUSE it is made of the very best materials, and, 

with proper care, will last a life-time. 

10. BECAUSE the price is within the reach of every 

farmer. 

11. BECAUSE it is the only machine that forces the slat 

or picket firmly against the wire, thus securing the 
slat in such a solid and permanent manner that it 
can not be pulled out, and breakage is impossible. 

12. BECAUSE the fence made by this machine will turn 

all kinds of stock, and is much stronger than any 
barb wire fence, and completely obviates all dan- 
ger of injury to stock; and finally, 

BECAUSE it makes the handsomest, best, strongest, and 
most durable fence, and is the only first-class, prac- 
tical Fence Machine in the world. 



158 Henley's manual of roller skating. 

The foregoing are only a few of the points of superiority 
of the Monarch Fence Machine over all others, and a 
trial will convince any one of its merits, and that it has 
no equal. 

THE HENLEY MONARCH FENCE MACHINE 

Will weave a handsome picket fence for lawns, gardens, and 
fronts of lots, and, with great rapidity and regularity, will 
make the most substantial fence for farms and stock ranches. 
The Monarch machine is making a complete revolution in 
the methods of fencing. The fence made by this machine 
is destined to rapidly supersede all other styles and kinds 
of fence, both wire and board, and the cost of machine, 
and expense of fencing, puts it within the power of every 
farmer to enclose his land with the very best and most sub- 
stantial kind of fencing, at a total cost far below that of 
any other kind. 

Agents Wanted Everywhere. 

For prices of machines, and other particulars, call on 
or address 

M. O. HENLEY, 

Patentee and Manufacturer of Henley's Roller Skates, 

FACTORY BUILDING, RICHMOND, IND. 

523 to 533 N. Sixteenth St. 



Henley's manual of roller skating. 159 



A BOY'S COMPOSITION ON RINKS. 



Einks is a new invention. They was invented by- 
Mr. Payne. Kinks is made to skate on. Some people 
think they were made to fall down on, but they are 
mistaken. Skating on rinks beats sliding down hill 
all holler, 'cause you can get so much more slide, and 
don't have to walk up hill. Girls have more fun skating 
than boys, 'cause when she falls down all the young 
men run to help her up, and when a boy falls down 
they all run and fall down on him. Einks is more 
dangerous than mules, 'cause you can stay away from 
mules, and they won't hurt you ; but you can't stay 
away from them rinks, and they hurt harder than 
mules sometimes. Next time I go to the rink, I am 
going to put on my sister's clothes, and then the man 
with a "soldier's cap" on will hold me up while I skate. 
It takes lots of get-up-ness to make a good skater. I 
spend more time getting up than I do skating. 



^1^ ^Ji, — ^t^ — Mk — ^Ik ^!^ — r^!** Mk ^l^- 

^/^ — ^/^ — -^i^ — -^i^ — <fi^ — <fk^ — ^i^ — -71^ — ^^■ 



Standard Military Works 

By Lieut. HUGH T. REED, U.S. Army. 




MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS. 

Second edition. This work is used as a text-bok at 
many colleges, and by military men in every State in 
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UPTON'S INFANTRY TACTICS, ABRIDGED. 

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It is prepared from the Orders from the War Dept. ; Decisions by the 
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LIGHT ARTILLERY TACTICS. 

Second edition. Compiled from the U. S. Artillery Tactics, and 
late orders from the War Dept. Gives Manual of the Piece, Me- 
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Paper, 50 cents. 

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Secona edition. Contains the elements of Military and Naval Sig- 
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&c. Illustrated. Price, Cloth, 75 cents. 

broom: TACTICS, 

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